A Review of Current Research and Knowledge Gaps in the Epidemiology of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in Trinidad and Tobago

Persad, Anil; LeJeune, Jeffrey T.

doi:10.3390/vetsci5020042

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Moreover, similarities between isolate N2 and S. sonnei show that isolate N2 could be a strain outside pathogenic E. coli that may lead to S. sonnei. However, such an assumption requires further confirmation using other genetic markers to better understand the ecology and epidemiology of these two foodborne disease agents (Persad and Lejeune 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular analysis of pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from cow meat in Yogyakarta, Indonesia using 16S rRNA gene

et al. 2021

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Abstract. Indraswari A, Suardana IW, Haryanto A, Widiasih DA. 2021. Molecular analysis of pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from cow meat in Yogyakarta, Indonesia using 16S rRNA gene. Biodiversitas 22: 4566-4573. Meat has been recognized as a major source of foodborne disease and a public health problem. The characteristics of meat become an ideal growth medium for various microorganisms if not handled properly. Pathogenic Escherichia coli is one of the foodborne disease agents that causes diarrhea. Identification of pathogenic E. coli isolated from cow meat needs to be done. This research aims to study nucleotide sequence of 16S rRNA gene of pathogenic E. coli isolated from cow meat in Yogyakarta, Indonesia using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). These fifteen isolates have been detected for eae target gene, then amplification of the 16S rRNA gene was carried out using primers 27F and 1492R. Phylogenetic tree reconstruction was performed on the fifteen isolates of pathogenic E. coli to figure out the relationship to reference strains available at the GenBank. Results show that nucleotide sequence among the fifteen isolates from different traditional markets in Yogyakarta, Indonesia and reference strains are very similar. The fifteen isolates have small genetic distance to the reference strains, and these fifteen isolates are also in the same clade with reference strains. This research shows that the fifteen isolates under investigation are closely related to the reference strains, which is Shiga-toxin producing E. coli (STEC). People should pay more attention in processing food stock, especially cow meat. Further research may focus on determining the strain of those fifteen isolates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular analysis of pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from cow meat in Yogyakarta, Indonesia using 16S rRNA gene

et al. 2021

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“…Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) can be harbored within the gastrointestinal tract of many animals and ruminants, including sheep and goats. These small ruminants have also been identified as potential reservoirs of STEC O157:H7 and non-O157 serogroups in other geographical regions, but limited data are available for the Latin America and the Caribbean [ 8 , 9 ]. The role of small ruminants in the epidemiology of STEC is exemplified by sheep being identified as the STEC reservoir of significance in Australia [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shiga toxin (stx) encoding genes in sheep and goats reared in Trinidad and Tobago

2022

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Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is estimated to cause over two million cases of human disease annually. Trinidad and Tobago is one of the largest livestock producer and consumer of sheep and goat meat in the Caribbean, however, the potential role of these animals in the epidemiology of STEC infections has not been previously described. To fill this critical gap in knowledge, the prevalence of Shiga toxin genes (stx1 and stx2) shed in the faeces of healthy sheep (n = 204) and goats (n = 105) in Trinidad was investigated. Based on PCR screening, goats had a higher stx prevalence than sheep (46% vs 35%, P = 0.06). Most of the recovered STEC isolates were positive for stx1 only; and only three isolates were positive for the eae gene. None of the recovered isolates belonged to the O157 serogroup. In both species, the prevalence of stx was higher in young animals versus older animals. Sheep reared on deep litter flooring (43%) had a higher prevalence than sheep reared other flooring types, however this was not the same for goats. The presence of cows on the same premise was not an associated predictor for STEC carriage in sheep or goats. This study demonstrates that although sheep and goats in Trinidad are reservoirs for stx-positive E. coli isolates, no fecal samples tested positive for O157 STEC, harbored. Furthermore, it appears that non-O157 stx-positive isolates harbored by these animals do not pose a significant threat to human health

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“…In humans, there is no systematic surveillance of nontyphoid Salmonella infections, and as such, the incidence is unknown. However, the incidence has been estimated at an annual rate of over five cases per 100,000 persons in Trinidad and Tobago [ 6 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salmonella in Pig Farms and on Pig Meat in Suriname

2021

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Salmonella is one of the most important food borne zoonotic pathogens. While mainly associated with poultry, it has also been associated with pigs. Compared to the high-income countries, there is much less known on the prevalence of Salmonella in low- and middle-income countries, especially in the Caribbean area. Therefore, we investigated the prevalence of Salmonella in pigs and pig meat in Suriname. A total of 53 farms and 53 meat samples were included, and Salmonella was isolated using standard protocols. Strains were subjected to whole genome sequencing. No Salmonella was found on pig meat. Five farms were found to be positive for Salmonella, and a total of eight different strains were obtained. Serotypes were S. Anatum (n = 1), S. Ohio (n = 2), a monophasic variant of S. Typhimurium (n = 3), one S. Brandenburg, and one S. Javaniana. The monophasic variant of S. Typhimurium belonged to the ST34 pandemic clone, and the three strains were very similar. A few resistance genes, located on mobile genetic elements, were found. Several plasmids were detected, though only one was carrying resistance genes. This is the first study on the prevalence of Salmonella in pigs in the Caribbean and that used whole genome sequencing for characterization. The strains were rather susceptible. Local comparison of similar serotypes showed a mainly clonal spread of certain serotypes.

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A Review of Current Research and Knowledge Gaps in the Epidemiology of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in Trinidad and Tobago

Cited by 4 publications

References 61 publications

Molecular analysis of pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from cow meat in Yogyakarta, Indonesia using 16S rRNA gene

Molecular analysis of pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from cow meat in Yogyakarta, Indonesia using 16S rRNA gene

Shiga toxin (stx) encoding genes in sheep and goats reared in Trinidad and Tobago

Salmonella in Pig Farms and on Pig Meat in Suriname

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