“…However, current evidence states that executive function (EF) deficits are the central components of ADHD (Diamond, 2013;Butzbach et al, 2019;Sabhlok et al, 2022). EFs include processes associated with the prefrontal and thalamic-reticular areas of the brain, which are responsible for initiating, directing, and regulating thoughts, emotions, and behaviors to achieve a desired goal (Pennington, 1988;Al-Yagon, 2018;Roselló et al, 2020;Roshannia et al, 2021). Various deficits in EF are described in children and adults, affecting working memory, cognitive flexibility, processing speed, decisionmaking, problem-solving, verbal fluency, and planning ability (Al-Yagon, 2018;Salomone et al, 2020;Alaghband-Rad et al, 2021;Coelho et al, 2021;Roshannia et al, 2021).…”