A review of body composition studies with emphasis on total body water and fat

Sheng, Hwai-Ping; Huggins, R. A.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/32.3.630

Cited by 313 publications

(166 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…25 FM was obtained as the difference between body weight and FFM. Whole-body glucose uptake (M value, in mmol per min per kg of FFM) was determined by averaging the exogenous glucose infusion rates during the last 40 min of the clamp after correction for changes in glucose levels in a distribution volume of 250 ml kg À1 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Daylong pituitary hormones in morbid obesity: effects of bariatric surgery

et al. 2008

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Moderate obesity is known to be associated with multiple endocrine abnormalities. Less information is available on the hormonal status of patients with morbid obesity and on the effects of major weight loss. We studied 16 severely obese (BMI 40.6-69.9 kg/m 2 ) nondiabetic patients and 7 nonobese (BMI range 24.6-27.7 kg/m 2 ), sex-and age-matched healthy volunteers. During 24 h in a metabolic ward, four meals were administered and hourly blood samples were drawn from a central venous catheter for the measurement of glucose, insulin, leptin, thyrotropic hormone (TSH), growth hormone (GH) and prolactin. Insulin sensitivity was measured by a euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp. Studies were repeated 6 months after biliopancreatic diversion, a mainly malabsorptive surgical approach, which caused an average weight loss of 35±4 kg (or 26 ± 2% of initial weight). Compared with controls, patients were hyperinsulinaemic (290 ± 31 vs 88 ± 4 pmol l À1 , P ¼ 0.0002), insulin resistant (23.5±2.8 vs 52.9±4.9 mmol min À1 kg FFM À1 , P ¼ 0.0006) and hyperleptinaemic (52.5±5.8 vs 10.9±3 ng ml À1 , P ¼ 0.0002). Plasma TSH levels were increased throughout the day-night cycle (averaging 2.02 ± 0.18 vs 1.09 ± 0.19 mU ml À1 of controls, P ¼ 0.01), whereas serum GH levels were suppressed (0.46±0.10 vs 3.01±1.15, P ¼ 0.002). Following surgery, the hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance were fully normalized; in concomitance with a major drop in leptin levels (to 14.4±2.7 ng ml À1 , P ¼ 0.02), TSH decreased and GH increased to near-normal levels. In the whole dataset, mean 24-h leptin levels were directly related to mean 24-h TSH levels after controlling for confounders this relationship was lost only after adjusting for fat mass. We conclude that in morbid obesity leptin is a determinant of changes in pituitary function.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Daylong pituitary hormones in morbid obesity: effects of bariatric surgery

et al. 2008

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“…This study therefore compared TBW predicted by foot-to-foot BIA with those measured using a deuterium oxide dilution technique. Deuterium oxide dilution is accepted as one of the 'gold standard' techniques for measuring TBW (Sheng & Huggins, 1979), although the measured dilution space needs to be corrected for overestimation of TBW because of the exchange of isotope with nonaqueous hydrogen (Schoeller et al, 1980). In our laboratory, in vitro tests have shown that the accuracy of deuterium dilution for measuring a water volume is approximately 1%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of foot-to-foot bioelectrical impedance analysis for the prediction of total body water in oncology outpatients receiving radiotherapy

et al. 2003

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Objective: To investigate the accuracy of total body water (TBW) predicted by foot-to-foot bioelectrical impedance compared with a deuterium oxide dilution technique in oncology outpatients receiving radiotherapy. Design: Cross-sectional design. Setting: Two private Australian radiation oncology facilities. Subjects: In all, 27 subjects (23 males; four females); mean age 62 (715) y; mean BMI 26.2 kg/m 2 (73.6). Intervention: TBW was measured using a deuterium oxide dilution technique and predicted using foot-to-foot bioelectrical impedance (Tanita Inc., Tokyo, Japan, Models TBF 410 and 300GS). Results: The mean (s.d.) values for predicted and measured TBW was 41.5 (6.7) and 39.7 (8.7) l, respectively, indicating a mean bias to overestimation by the foot-to-foot impedance of 1.8 l. However, a significant negative correlation between the mean of the measurements of TBW and their difference (r ¼ À0.40; P ¼ 0.04) indicates a progressive underestimation of TBW by foot-tofoot impedance as the water content of the body increases. The analysis of 95% limits of agreement (72 s.d.) showed that for most individuals the TBW predicted by foot-to-foot impedance can vary as much as 12 l above or 8.6 l below the actual TBW measured by a deuterium oxide dilution technique. Conclusion: There is good agreement between foot-to-foot bioelectrical impedance with a gold standard technique at the group level. However, the significant correlation between the difference of predicted and measured TBW, and the wide limits of agreement between the two methods, indicates that the use of foot-to-foot impedance in assessing TBW may lead to unacceptable error in individuals.

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“…We have compared the predicted total body water from a new foot-to-foot impedance machine to that measured via a deuterium oxide dilution technique. The latter technique is accepted as one of thè gold standard' methods for measuring total body water (Sheng & Huggins, 1979), although it is important to correct the measured dilution space for the overestimation of total body water due to exchange of isotope with nonaqueous hydrogen (Schoeller et al, 1980). In our laboratory, in vitro tests have shown that the accuracy of deuterium dilution for measuring a water volume is approximately 1%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of foot-to-foot bioelectrical impedance analysis for the prediction of total body water

et al. 1998

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Objective: To investigate the accuracy of foot-to-foot impedance methodology for the prediction of total body water and whether leg length rather than stature should be used in the prediction of total body water. Design: Cross-sectional study using volunteers from the community. Setting: University laboratory. Subjects: 57 subjects (29 male; 28 female) aged 19±56 y. Interventions: Total body water was measured using a deuterium oxide dilution technique. Total body water was also predicted using foot-to-foot impedance apparatus (Tanita Inc, Tokyo, Japan, Model TBF 305). Results: Mean values for predicted and measured total body water differed by 0.7 l. However this bias was not constant across all individuals with a progressive underestimation of total body water by foot-to-foot impedance technology as the water content of the body increases. Also the use of leg length did not improve the accuracy of the prediction equation. Conclusions: At the population level predictions of total body water obtained from foot-to-foot impedance technology compare well with measured total body water. However the signi®cant correlation between the difference between predicted and measured total body water and the absolute value for total body water is a concern especially if the technology is used for body composition assessment during a weight loss program. Sponsorship: RJH was in receipt of a Queensland University of Technology Vacation Scholarship.

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A review of body composition studies with emphasis on total body water and fat

Cited by 313 publications

References 81 publications

Daylong pituitary hormones in morbid obesity: effects of bariatric surgery

Daylong pituitary hormones in morbid obesity: effects of bariatric surgery

Evaluation of foot-to-foot bioelectrical impedance analysis for the prediction of total body water in oncology outpatients receiving radiotherapy

Assessment of foot-to-foot bioelectrical impedance analysis for the prediction of total body water

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