A Review of Biodegradable Thermoplastic Starch Polymers

Halley, Peter J.; Truss, R. W.; Markotsis, Martin G.; Chaleat, Celine; Russo, M.; Sargent, A. L.; Tan, I.; Sopade, P. A.

doi:10.1021/bk-2007-0978.ch024

Cited by 22 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…138 Other toughening modications recently reported in the literature to improve performance and overall economics of TPS based polymers include blending of TPS with protein, 131 PVA, 140 polycaprolactone, polyhydroxybutyrate, polymethacrylate, polystyrene mostly in the presence of urea and polyol plasticizers. 103,120 Surface modications such as polymeric surface coating, 109 chemical and photo crosslinking of TPS and blends were also shown to reduce surface hydrophilic characteristics and improve water resistance, increase the tensile strength and Young's modulus while decreasing the elongation at break. [140][141][142] In summary, starch based plastics have grown to represent a major portion of the biodegradable polymer market.…”

Section: -30mentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in bio-based plastics and plasticizing modifications

Mekonnen

Mussone

Khalil³

et al. 2013

J. Mater. Chem. A

665

423

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Over the coming few decades bioplastic materials are expected to complement and gradually replace some of the fossil oil based materials. Multidisciplinary research efforts have generated a significant level of technical and commercial success towards these bio-based materials. However, extensive application of these bio-based plastics is still challenged by one or more of their possible inherent limitations, such as poor processability, brittleness, hydrophilicity, poor moisture and gas barrier, inferior compatibility, poor electrical, thermal and physical properties. The incorporation of additives such as plasticizers into the biopolymers is a common practice to improve these inherent limitations. Generally, plasticizers are added to both synthetic and bio-based polymeric materials to impart flexibility, improve toughness, and lower the glass transition temperature. This review introduces the most common bio-based plastics and provides an overview of recent advances in the selection and use of plasticizers, and their effect on the performance of these materials. In addition to plasticizers, we also present a perspective of other emerging techniques of improving the overall performance of bio-based plastics. Although a wide variety of bio-based plastics are under development, this review focuses on plasticizers utilized for the most extensively studied bioplastics including poly(lactic acid), polyhydroxyalkanoates, thermoplastic starch, proteinaceous plastics and cellulose acetates. The ongoing challenge and future potentials of plasticizers for bio-based plastics are also discussed.

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Section: -30mentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in bio-based plastics and plasticizing modifications

Mekonnen

Mussone

Khalil³

et al. 2013

J. Mater. Chem. A

665

423

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“…Respirometric tests allow the quantification of biodegradation, which is expressed as a percentage. Usually, the CH 4 or biogas produced is corrected subtracting the amount produced in a blank and then is compared to the theoretical production, based on the carbon content in the sample [84,[88][89][90][91][92][93][94]. Variations of this method include the measurement of CO 2 , and the inclusion of liquid and gas phases [87,95].…”

Section: Analytical Techniques Used To Assess Plastic Degradation Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…electron microscopy, presence of specific functional groups measured by infrared spectroscopy, or decrease in molecular weight, assessed by gel permeation or exclusion chromatography, among others [87,88,92,[104][105][106][107][108]. While these techniques can give evidence of degradation, they do not allow for the obtaining od a quantitative measurement of degradation or to distinguish between degradation caused by microorganisms and other types of degradation processes.…”

Section: Analytical Techniques Used To Assess Plastic Degradation Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of Plastics under Anaerobic Conditions: A Short Review

et al. 2020

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Plastic waste is an issue of global concern because of the environmental impact of its accumulation in waste management systems and ecosystems. Biodegradability was proposed as a solution to overcome this problem; however, most biodegradable plastics were designed to degrade under aerobic conditions, ideally fulfilled in a composting plant. These new plastics could arrive to anaerobic environments, purposely or frequently, because of their mismanagement at the end of their useful life. This review analyzes the behavior of biodegradable and conventional plastics under anaerobic conditions, specifically in anaerobic digestion systems and landfills. A review was performed in order to identify: (a) the environmental conditions found in anaerobic digestion processes and landfills, as well as the mechanisms for degradation in those environments; (b) the experimental methods used for the assessment of biodegradation in anaerobic conditions; and (c) the extent of the biodegradation process for different plastics. Results show a remarkable variability of the biodegradation rate depending on the type of plastic and experimental conditions, with clearly better performance in anaerobic digestion systems, where temperature, water content, and inoculum are strictly controlled. The majority of the studied plastics showed that thermophilic conditions increase degradation. It should not be assumed that plastics designed to be degraded aerobically will biodegrade under anaerobic conditions, and an exact match must be done between the specific plastics and the end of life options that they will face.

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“…After starch processing is over, the starch and its allied products are supplied to client industries in the form of powder (similar to flour) or of syrups. Dried virgin starch is approximately having T g of 240°C which is above its thermal degradation temperature (about 220°C) . Presence of inter‐ and intra‐molecular hydrogen bonds gives the starch the higher glass transition T g value and brittleness .…”

Section: Processing Of Thermoplastic Starch and Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on present status and future challenges of starch based polymer films and their composites in food packaging applications

2016

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In recent years, interest in agro polymers has created great interest among researchers and industry alike, as these materials are found to be biodegradable and eco‐friendly. Since the fossil fuel based polymers have created greater environmental concern, these bio‐based polymers are addressing the concerns in some of impactful areas such as food packaging and contribute significantly to the sustainable development with minimum ecological problems. Among agro polymers, starch based polymers have made major stride to marketable products in food packaging field. It is estimated that by the year 2020, the biocomposite materials demand will touch 20% of total plastic utilization. This review enlightens various processing techniques used to produce starch based polymers and composites with their properties to address the poor properties of starch. Low toxic and good compatibility natural plasticizers are of great interest in the processing of thermoplastic starch (TPS). Further emphasis is also given on essential packaging film properties such as barrier, biodegradation, mechanical, and thermal properties for TPS based materials. The overview of literature indicates that, Final properties of the thermoplastic starch can be improved by using different fillers, as well as by changing the source of the starch. Since the quest to produce better, cheaper, and eco‐friendly materials never stops, a multidisciplinary approach is required to achieve further improvement in the existing materials and to produce new class of materials that are eco‐friendly which can extend smarter and efficient services to customers. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:2499–2522, 2018. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers

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A Review of Biodegradable Thermoplastic Starch Polymers

Cited by 22 publications

References 0 publications

Progress in bio-based plastics and plasticizing modifications

Progress in bio-based plastics and plasticizing modifications

Degradation of Plastics under Anaerobic Conditions: A Short Review

A review on present status and future challenges of starch based polymer films and their composites in food packaging applications

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