A Review of Bioactive Compounds in Oyster Shell and Tissues

Abstract

Oysters are saltwater bivalves with high nutritional and medicinal value that are consumed widely around the world. As well as being highly nutritious, oysters are a low-calorie, low-cholesterol source of protein and an exceptional source of zinc, which strengthens the immune system; and a rich source of bioactive compounds, which comprise various biological activities. The present review summarizes the biological applications and bioactive compounds from oyster shells, whole tissue, gill tissue, and mantle tissue. The various biological compounds present in an oyster shell, and their chemical constituents, have applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and medical industries. Bioactive peptides and proteins obtained from the whole, mantle, and gill tissues of oysters exhibit antioxidant, antimicrobial, antihypertensive, anticancer, antifatigue, anticoagulant, and anti-wrinkle effects, as well as enhance osteoblast differentiation. This review clearly shows that oysters have great potential for functional food production and that various compounds therein can have pharmaceutical applications.

Analyzing the mechanism by which oyster peptides target IL-2 in melanoma cell apoptosis based on RNA-seq and m6A-seq

“…30 A previous review clearly showed that bioactive peptides obtained from the whole, mantle, and gill tissues of oysters exhibit antioxidant, antimicrobial, antihypertensive, anticancer, antifatigue, anticoagulant, and anti-wrinkle effects, as well as enhancing osteoblast differentiation. 31 In this study, mixed oyster peptides were prepared by the combination of several enzymes. The composition of the mixed peptide was analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF, and the dominant peptide was determined.…”

Improving Dietary Zinc Bioavailability Using New Food Fortification Approaches: A Promising Tool to Boost Immunity in the Light of COVID-19

“…Recently, Zn-chelating peptides extracted from oysters have attracted wide attention [ 64 , 83 ]. Oysters are considered one of the richest food sources for Zn.…”

Therapeutic Potential of Marine Bioactive Peptides against Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Recent Evidence, Challenges, and Future Trends

“…A cyclic heptapeptide, mollamide B (Figure 5), isolated from the colonial tunicate Didemnum molle indicated cytotoxicity against HIV-1 in human PBMCs at an EC50 value of 48.7 μM [142]. Two peptides, P1 and P2 [sequences LLEYSI (P1), and LLEYSL (P2)] have been isolated from the oyster (Crassostrea gigas) proteins hydrolysate prepared with thermolysin and have exhibited competitive HIV-1 protease inhibition activity (IC50 values of 20 and 15 nM, respectively, and Ki values of 13 and 10 nM, respectively) [143][144][145]. Clavanin B (peptide sequence: VFQFLGRIIHHVGNFVHGFSHVF), an alpha-helical peptide isolated from the tunicate Styela clava also exhibited anti-HIV activity with an EC50 value of 7.1 μM, TC50 value of 37.1 μM, and TI of >5.18 [146,147].…”