A review of air-breathing electric propulsion: from mission studies to technology verification

Andreussi, Tommaso; Ferrato, Eugenio; Giannetti, Vittorio

doi:10.1007/s44205-022-00024-9

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…Electric propulsion systems offer a more sustainable alternative to traditional chemical rockets, which rely on the combustion of propellants that emit harmful pollutants into the atmosphere. By using electric or solar power to accelerate charged particles, electric propulsion systems reduce reliance on chemical propellants, resulting in cleaner and more efficient propulsion (Levchenko, et al, 2018;Davis, 2004;Andreussi, et al, 2022). Moreover, electric propulsion systems enable satellites to perform orbital maneuvers with greater precision and efficiency, reducing the risk of collisions and contributing to space debris mitigation efforts.…”

Section: Sustainable Innovations In Satellite Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Business Models in Satellite Telecommunications

Nneka Adaobi Ochuba,

David Olanrewaju Olutimehin,

Olusegun Gbenga Odunaiya

et al. 2024

Eng. sci. technol. j.

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Sustainable business models in satellite telecommunications represent a critical paradigm shift in the industry, integrating environmental, social, and economic dimensions into operations. This review explores the evolving landscape of sustainable practices within satellite telecommunications, addressing the pressing need for eco-conscious strategies in an era of accelerating technological advancement. The burgeoning demand for satellite telecommunications services, driven by global connectivity needs, underscores the significance of sustainability in the industry. Traditional business models have often prioritized profit margins over environmental and social impacts. However, emerging trends emphasize the adoption of sustainable practices to mitigate carbon footprints, reduce electronic waste, and promote equitable access to communication services. Innovations in satellite technology, such as the development of small satellites and advancements in propulsion systems, offer opportunities to enhance sustainability. Miniaturization of satellites decreases launch mass, leading to reduced fuel consumption and lower emissions. Additionally, advancements in electric propulsion systems contribute to fuel efficiency and prolong satellite lifespan, thereby reducing space debris. Furthermore, sustainable business models in satellite telecommunications encompass social responsibility initiatives aimed at bridging the digital divide. Collaborative efforts between satellite operators, governments, and non-profit organizations facilitate the provision of affordable and accessible connectivity to underserved regions, fostering socio-economic development and empowering marginalized communities. The integration of sustainability into satellite telecommunications business models not only aligns with environmental and social imperatives but also presents economic benefits. Cost efficiencies realized through fuel savings, extended satellite lifespan, and market expansion in underserved regions enhance long-term profitability and resilience in a competitive industry landscape. The transition towards sustainable business models in satellite telecommunications represents a pivotal evolution towards a more responsible and inclusive industry, balancing profitability with environmental stewardship and social equity. Keywords: Business, Models, Satellite, Telecommunication, Sustainable, Review.

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Section: Sustainable Innovations In Satellite Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Business Models in Satellite Telecommunications

Nneka Adaobi Ochuba,

David Olanrewaju Olutimehin,

Olusegun Gbenga Odunaiya

et al. 2024

Eng. sci. technol. j.

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“…eB mν e (4) where Ω e is the electron Hall parameter. Under the reasonable assumption that ω c = eB/m ≫ ν e (typically GHz compared to MHz range for microwave cathodes), it is evident that D e,⊥ , µ e,⊥ ∝ 1/B 2 .…”

Section: Principle Of Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The generated thrust is used to compensate atmospheric drag and maintain the desired orbit. In this way, a spacecraft with an ABEP system achieving full drag compensation does not require onboard propellant storage, allowing long-duration missions in the VLEO altitude range by removing propellant capacity as a limit on operating lifetime [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of applied magnetic field in an air-breathing microwave plasma cathode

Tisaev,

Karadag,

Fabris

2023

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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The air-breathing electric propulsion (ABEP) concept refers to a spacecraft in very-low Earth orbit (VLEO) ingesting upper atmospheric air as propellant for an electric thruster. This compensates atmospheric drag and allows the spacecraft to maintain its orbital altitude, removing the need for on-board propellant storage and allowing an extended mission duration which is not limited by propellant exhaustion. There is a need for development of a robust, high current density and long life cathode (or neutralizer) for air-breathing electrostatic thrusters as conventional thermionic hollow cathodes are susceptible to oxygen poisoning. An Air-breathing Microwave Plasma CAThode (AMPCAT) is proposed to overcome this issue through the use of a microwave plasma discharge, producing an extracted current in the order of 1 A with 0.1 mg/s of air. In this paper, the effect of varying magnetic-field strength and topology is investigated by using an electromagnet coil, which reveals a significantly different behaviour for air compared to xenon. The extracted current with xenon increases by 3.9 times from the zero-field value up to a peak around 150 mT magnetic-field strength at the antenna, whereas an applied field does not increase the extracted current with air at nominal conditions. A non-zero magnetic-field with air is however beneficial for current extraction at reduced neutral densities. A distinct increase in extracted current is identified at low bias voltages with air for a field strength of around 50 mT at the internal microwave antenna, consistent across varying field topologies. The effect of a lowered magnetic-field strength in the orifice region is investigated through the use of a secondary coil, resulting in an extracted current increase of 25 % for a relaxation from 6 mT to 1 mT, and demonstrating the beneficial impact of a locally reduced field strength on electron extraction.

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“…Physical plasma-hereafter referred to simply as plasma in this review, as opposed to blood plasma-is thought to have been first produced purposefully in the laboratory in 1879 by Sir William Crookes; however, the term "plasma" was not introduced until 1928 by chemist Irving Langmuir [2]. Since these early investigations, plasma research has developed into a complex and multifaceted area of study with well-established applications in semiconductor manufacturing [3,4], clean energy [5,6], lighting [7], space propulsion [8], and many others. The focus of this review is the biomedical applications of cold atmospheric plasmas (CAPs) and the current obstacles in the emerging field of plasma medicine (a literature search was conducted with a focus on publications between 2017 and 2023, with more emphasis on the later years).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold Atmospheric Plasma Medicine: Applications, Challenges, and Opportunities for Predictive Control

Kazemi,

Nicol,

Bilén

et al. 2024

Plasma

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Plasma medicine is an emerging field that applies the science and engineering of physical plasma to biomedical applications. Low-temperature plasma, also known as cold plasma, is generated via the ionization of atoms in a gas, generally via exposure to strong electric fields, and consists of ions, free radicals, and molecules at varying energy states. Plasmas generated at low temperatures (approximately room temperature) have been used for applications in dermatology, oncology, and anti-microbial strategies. Despite current and ongoing clinical use, the exact mechanisms of action and the full range of effects of cold plasma treatment on cells are only just beginning to be understood. Direct and indirect effects of plasma on immune cells have the potential to be utilized for various applications such as immunomodulation, anti-infective therapies, and regulating inflammation. In this review, we combine diverse expertise in the fields of plasma chemistry, device design, and immunobiology to cover the history and current state of plasma medicine, basic plasma chemistry and their implications, the effects of cold atmospheric plasma on host cells with their potential immunological consequences, future directions, and the outlook and recommendations for plasma medicine.

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A review of air-breathing electric propulsion: from mission studies to technology verification

Cited by 18 publications

References 99 publications

Sustainable Business Models in Satellite Telecommunications

Sustainable Business Models in Satellite Telecommunications

Influence of applied magnetic field in an air-breathing microwave plasma cathode

Cold Atmospheric Plasma Medicine: Applications, Challenges, and Opportunities for Predictive Control

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