A review of additive manufacturing of magnesium alloys

Jahangir, Naim; Mamun, Md. Abdullah Al; Sealy, Michael P.

doi:10.1063/1.5044305

Cited by 26 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Most commercial SLM systems use continuous wave and long-pulse lasers working in the near infrared radiation (IR) with a wavelength of about 1 µm [51,52]. Although SLM has been demonstrated for many materials ranging from metals to polymers and ceramics [53][54][55][56][57][58], the processing of materials with high thermal conductivities and high melting points such as pure copper is still challenging [59,60]. In addition to the rapid heat dissipation problems, reflectivity of copper to conventional laser light near IR is very high [61][62][63], resulting in low deposition of laser energy in the materials for the melting process [51].…”

Section: Direct Selective Laser Meltingmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Printing of Highly Pure Copper

Tran

Chinnappan

Lee

et al. 2019

Metals

158

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Copper has been widely used in many applications due to its outstanding properties such as malleability, high corrosion resistance, and excellent electrical and thermal conductivities. While 3D printing can offer many advantages from layer-by-layer fabrication, the 3D printing of highly pure copper is still challenging due to the thermal issues caused by copper’s high conductivity. This paper presents a comprehensive review of recent work on 3D printing technology of highly pure copper over the past few years. The advantages and current issues of 3D printing methods are compared while different properties of copper parts printed by these methods are summarized. Finally, we provide several potential applications of the 3D printed copper parts and an overview of current developments that could lead to new improvements in this advanced manufacturing field.

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Section: Direct Selective Laser Meltingmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Printing of Highly Pure Copper

Tran

Chinnappan

Lee

et al. 2019

Metals

158

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, surface finishing will usually be required [ 15 , 16 , 17 ]. Boeing and Airbus companies are considered the first use of additive manufacturing (AM) based on FSW principles [ 10 , 18 , 19 ]. Meanwhile, Airbus [ 20 ] presented the capability of achieving lightweight/low-cost structure parts by manufacturing 2050 Al-Li wing ribs by the FSAM process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Temper Condition and Feeding Speed on the Additive Manufacturing of AA2011 Parts Using Friction Stir Deposition

et al. 2021

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In the current study, solid-state additive manufacturing (SSAM) of two temper conditions AA2011 was successfully conducted using the friction stir deposition (FSD) process. The AA2011-T6 and AA2011-O consumable bars of 20 mm diameter were used as a feeding material against AA5083 substrate. The effect of the rotation rate and feeding speed of the consumable bars on the macrostructure, microstructure, and hardness of the friction stir deposited (FSD) materials were examined. The AA2011-T6 bars were deposited at a constant rotation rate of 1200 rpm and different feeding speeds of 3, 6, and 9 mm/min, whereas the AA2011-O bars were deposited at a constant rotation rate of 200 mm/min and varied feeding speeds of 1, 2, and 3 mm/min. The obtained microstructure was investigated using an optical microscope and scanning electron microscope equipped with EDS analysis to evaluate microstructural features. Hardness was also assessed as average values and maps. The results showed that this new technique succeeded in producing sound additive manufactured parts at all the applied processing parameters. The microstructures of the additive manufactured parts showed equiaxed refined grains compared to the coarse grain of the starting materials. The detected intermetallics in AA2011 alloy are mainly Al2Cu and Al7Cu2Fe. The improvement in hardness of AA2011-O AMPs reached 163% of the starting material hardness at the applied feeding speed of 1 mm/min. The hardness mapping analysis reveals a homogeneous hardness profile along the building direction. Finally, it can be said that the temper conditions of the starting AA2011 materials govern the selection of the processing parameters in terms of rotation rate and feeding speed and affects the properties of the produced additive manufactured parts in terms of hardness and microstructural features.

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“…Due to the frictional heat, the feed material is softened and plastically deformed, which bonds to the substrate. Continuous bonding of more plastically deformed feed material to the substrate plate makes the deposition of the first layer, and subsequently, the addition of layers one by one makes a 3D object of a desired thickness [20][21][22]. Dilip et al [23] studied the microstructure features of fabricated AA2014-T6 by AFSD at 800 rpm, 1 mm/min, at an axial pressure of 35 MPa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Applicability of Die Cast A356 Alloy to Additive Friction Stir Deposition at Various Feeding Speeds

et al. 2021

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In the current investigation, additive friction stir-deposition (AFS-D) of as-cast hypoeutectic A356 Al alloy was conducted. The effect of feeding speeds of 3, 4, and 5 mm/min at a constant rotational speed of 1200 rpm on the macrostructure, microstructure, and hardness of the additive manufacturing parts (AMPs) was investigated. Various techniques (OM, SEM, and XRD) were used to evaluate grain microstructure, presence phases, and intermetallics for the as-cast material and the AMPs. The results showed that the friction stir deposition technique successfully produced sound additive manufactured parts at all the applied feeding speeds. The friction stir deposition process significantly improved the microstructure of the as-cast alloy by eliminating porosity and refining the dendritic α-Al grains, eutectic Si phase, and the primary Si plates in addition to intermetallic fragmentation. The mean values of the grain size of the produced AMPs at the feeding speeds of 3, 4, and 5 mm/min were 0.62 ± 0.1, 1.54 ± 0.2, and 2.40 ± 0.15 µm, respectively, compared to the grain size value of 30.85 ± 2 for the as-cast alloy. The AMPs exhibited higher hardness values than the as-cast A356 alloy. The as-cast A356 alloy showed highly scattered hardness values between 55 and 75.8 VHN. The AMP fabricated at a 3 mm/min feeding speed exhibited the maximum hardness values between 88 and 98.1 VHN.

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A review of additive manufacturing of magnesium alloys

Cited by 26 publications

References 30 publications

3D Printing of Highly Pure Copper

3D Printing of Highly Pure Copper

The Effect of Temper Condition and Feeding Speed on the Additive Manufacturing of AA2011 Parts Using Friction Stir Deposition

The Applicability of Die Cast A356 Alloy to Additive Friction Stir Deposition at Various Feeding Speeds

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