A Review: Application of Microwave Techniques for Environmental Analytical Chemistry

Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in atmospheric particulate samples by microwave‐assisted extraction and liquid chromatography

“…This approach supports sustainable development as it permits the use of lower toxicity solvents, and requires less energy and solvent than conventional processes, while generating fewer wastes [14]. Several authors explored the possibility of utilizing MAE for the extraction of PAHs from environmental materials [15]. In this study, a systematic investigation on the application of MAE and LC with fluorescence detection (FLD) for the determination of 15 PAHs regarded as priority pollutants by the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), and dibenzo(a,l)pyrene in airborne PM samples was performed.…”

Agar extraction from integrated multitrophic aquacultured Gracilaria vermiculophylla: Evaluation of a microwave-assisted process using response surface methodology

“…This technique consists in using microwave energy to heat solvents (mostly organic solvents) in contact with a sample in order to par-tition analytes from the sample matrix into the solvent (Eskilsson and Bjorklund, 2000). The ability to rapidly heat the sample-sol-vent mixture is inherent to MAE and the main advantage of this technique (Srogi, 2006). By using closed vessels, the extraction can be performed at elevated temperatures accelerating the mass transfer of target compounds from the sample matrix.…”

Microwave-assisted hydrolysis of nitroglycerin (NG) under mild alkaline conditions: New insight into the degradation pathway

“…Few other academic research articles have been reported on the hydrolysis of NG (Boschan et al, 1955;Capellos et al, 1984;Tsaplev, 2004), but little information is available on the eventual fate of the nitrate ester. To provide answers to these questions and to gain new insights into the degradation pathway of NG we studied the hydrolysis of the (Walter et al, 1997;Srogi, 2006) and to conduct organic synthesis (Gedye et al, 1991;Clarke et al, 2007). Microwave heating has been successfully used to reduce the time required to extract biopolymers from bacterial cells (Betancourt et al, 2007) and 2,4,6-trinitrotolune from soil from few hours to few min (Kjellstrom et al, 2008), and to treat soil contaminated with chloramphenicol (Lin et al, 2010).…”