A reversible data hiding in encrypted image based on prediction-error estimation and location map

Malik, Asad; Wang, Hongxia; Chen, Yanli; Khan, Ahmad Neyaz

doi:10.1007/s11042-019-08460-w

Cited by 30 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Next, we compare our scheme with other relevant methods [7,11,15,24,25,26 ] in embedding capacity. Chen et al [11] also reserved the embedding room using a reversible integer transformation, and it is also a SOK-type scheme.…”

Section: Comparison Experiments and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [11], two adjacent pixels carry a bit secret data, so the max embedding capacity of this scheme is 0.5 bpp. Malik et al [15] reserved the embedding room in the MSBs using the prediction-error method, and the max embedding capacity is about 0.74 bpp. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme has a higher embedding capacity than these two schemes.…”

Section: Comparison Experiments and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They transformed the adjacent two pixel values to be both even or odd, and the two pixels carry one bit secret data in the data embedding processing. Schemes [12]- [15] reserved the embedding room in the MSBs of the pixel values combined with prediction error methods. Malik et al [15] used the prediction-error method to reserve the embedding room in the MSBs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Schemes [12]- [15] reserved the embedding room in the MSBs of the pixel values combined with prediction error methods. Malik et al [15] used the prediction-error method to reserve the embedding room in the MSBs. They used the prediction-error values to replace the pixel values in the prediction block.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Images Based on Reversible Integer Transformation and Quadtree-Based Partition

Chen

Chang

2020

IEEE Access

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This paper presents an improved secure reversible data hiding scheme in encrypted images based on integer transformation, which does not need using a data hider key to protect the embedded secret data. We first segment the original image into blocks of various sizes based on the quadtree-based image partition. For each block, we reserve m least significant bits (LSBs) of each pixel as embedding room based on the reversible integer transformation. In order to improve the security of the image encryption, we pad the mLSBs of each pixel using the corresponding (8-m) most significant bits (MSBs) information after the transformation, which protects the security of the encryption key. Then, we encrypt the transformed image with a standard stream cipher. After the image encryption, the data hider embeds the secret data in the mLSBs of the encrypted images through an exclusive or operation. On the receiving side, the receiver can extract the secret data after the image decryption and recover the original image without loss of quality. The security analysis shows that the proposed scheme improves the security weakness of the scheme directly using adaptive integer transformation. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves a higher embedding ratio compared with several relevant methods. INDEX TERMS Data hiding, encrypted images, integer transformation, quadtree. SISHENG CHEN Shan Dong University, in 2005, and the M.S. degree in applied mathematics from Fujian Normal University, in 2008. He is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree in information engineering and computer science, Feng Chia University, Taiwan. He is also a Lecturer with the Fuqing Branch of Fujian Normal University interests include multimedia security and CHIN-CHEN CHANG applied mathematics and the M.Sc. degree in computer and decision sciences from National Tsing Hua University, and the Ph.D. degree in computer engineering from National Chiao Tung University. He was with National Chung Cheng 1989 to 2005. He has been the Chair Professor with the

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Section: Comparison Experiments and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparison Experiments and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Images Based on Reversible Integer Transformation and Quadtree-Based Partition

Chen

Chang

2020

IEEE Access

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“…The [25] proposed method has a real-time performance. Besides, several data hiding algorithms based on prediction errors including [12][13][14][15][16][17]24] and an algorithm based on prediction error hiding for color images [18] are proposed. There are [20][21][22][23][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] in the reversible data hiding field worth mentioning recently.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Reversible Data Hiding Algorithm Based on Prediction Error With Large Amounts of Data Hiding in Spatial Domain

Sun

et al. 2020

IEEE Access

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In recent years among data hiding technologies, Reversible Data Hiding(RDH) technology has attracted widespread interest and application, which is to hide the secret information in a carrier image and recover the original carrier image losslessly to extract the secret information. Current research on RDH algorithms mainly involving frequency domain, spatial domain, and encryption domain. Based on the Prediction-Error Expansion(PEE) methods, as spatial domain approaches, achieved great progress in the past decade. However, there is a defect in the state-of-the-art methods that with the embedded payload increased, the distortion rate of the cover image increased simultaneously. To solve the problem, we proposed a refined reversible data hiding algorithm based on the PEE method with simple implementation. We improved an effective predictor that all the remaining pixels can be predicted in the embedding process, except for those in the first row, the first column, the last row, and the last column in the original image. The extraction process is the reverse of the embedding process that the embedded information and the original carrier is restored without damage. Our work utilized the correlation between image pixels better to solve the inherent contradiction between payload and distortion rate in the state-of-the-art data hiding algorithms. Proven through experiments, our method achieved a large embedding capacity while keeping the image distortion rate and computing complexity low. INDEX TERMS reversible data hiding (RDH), prediction-error expansion (PEE), watermarking.

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Reversible data hiding: A contemporary survey of state-of-the-art, opportunities and challenges

2021

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A reversible data hiding in encrypted image based on prediction-error estimation and location map

Cited by 30 publications

References 33 publications

Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Images Based on Reversible Integer Transformation and Quadtree-Based Partition

Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Images Based on Reversible Integer Transformation and Quadtree-Based Partition

A Reversible Data Hiding Algorithm Based on Prediction Error With Large Amounts of Data Hiding in Spatial Domain

Reversible data hiding: A contemporary survey of state-of-the-art, opportunities and challenges

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