Reversible data hiding: A contemporary survey of state-of-the-art, opportunities and challenges

Kumar, Sanjay; Gupta, Anjana; Walia, Gurjit Singh

doi:10.1007/s10489-021-02789-2

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 154 publications

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“…By making use of the redundancy present in digital images, RDH subtly modifies the host image to accommodate the embedded data while maintaining its visual quality. 2,3 Until now, numerous RDH schemes have been researched, which can be categorized into four main groups: (1) compression based methods. [4][5][6] (2) Methods based on difference expansion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…RDH overcomes these limitations by offering a unique capability to retrieve both the hidden data and the original/host image without any loss during extraction process. By making use of the redundancy present in digital images, RDH subtly modifies the host image to accommodate the embedded data while maintaining its visual quality 2 , 3 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Run length encoding based reversible data hiding scheme in encrypted images

Chidirala,

Acharya

2024

J. Electron. Imag.

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This paper presents a run length encoding (RLE) based reversible data hiding (RDH) scheme designed specifically for higher order pixel group values of image intensities. RDH aims to embed additional data into the host image while maintaining the ability to completely recover the original image without any loss. The proposed scheme utilizes the RLE technique to exploit the statistical characteristics of higher order intensity values in images. By identifying suitable run-length blocks within the image, the scheme intelligently embeds the additional data, ensuring efficient utilization of the available capacity. The model again encrypts the image after data embedding to establish the confidentiality as well as integrity of the hidden data, adding an extra layer of security to protect against unauthorized access and alterations. To achieve reversibility, the scheme carefully encodes the embedded data within the run-length segments, ensuring that the original image can be perfectly reconstructed. By embedding data, the visual quality of the image is intentionally reduced. However, using an encryption technique randomness is increased there by frustrating potential attackers when they attack. The average embedding capacity for a 512 × 512 image is approx. 177463 bits and the entropy after encryption is 7.999 bpp. Experimentation results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed scheme in terms of reversibility, embedding capacity, and entropy values, thereby showcasing its potential for practical applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Run length encoding based reversible data hiding scheme in encrypted images

Chidirala,

Acharya

2024

J. Electron. Imag.

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“…DH is the art of hiding secrets [8][9][10]. Secrets are exchanged through convert channels into digital cover media.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Capacity Imperceptible Data Hiding Using Permutation-Based Embedding Process for IoT Security

Liu,

Chang,

Chang

et al. 2023

Electronics

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The internet of things (IoT) has become a popular technology in communication which utilizes the concept of connecting things together and exchanges information through various networks. Since data can be transferred through a wide range of channels, IoT systems suffer from potential data leakages. One of the common ways to reduce such risks is to engage steganography with secret information during transmission. A novel scheme proposed in this paper exploits simple pixel permutations to embed secret data. Instead of handling pixel blocks, the proposed scheme maneuvers on pixels directly. The proposed scheme simply manipulates the sequenced pixels using two coefficients, a threshold of range for pixel values, and a specified clustering count to fulfill the two major requirements of effective data hiding. The experimental results indicate that the proposed scheme provides a satisfactory embedding capacity and preserves a high level of image visual quality. The overall performance of the proposed scheme demonstrates its high potential in IoT security.

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“…Therefore, our research focuses on designing a hybrid memory array to offer an optimized solution for on-board SRAM memory used in image compression. As research shows in an 8-bit image pixel, both the MSB and LSB play pivotal roles in in uencing image quality [13,14,15]. The MSB, being the most signi cant, primarily determines a pixel's overall brightness or colour.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design a Hybrid Memory Array for Radiation-Hardened SRAM in Satellite Image Compression Systems

Sharma,

Neema

2023

Preprint

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In the satellite technology landscape, the satellite industry is crucial across military, meteorology, safety, climate monitoring, and landscape mapping sectors. The demand for high-quality satellite imagery has led to innovations in image processing and compression techniques to overcome challenges such as data storage limitations and slow upload speeds. This paper focuses on optimizing on-board SRAM memory cells for satellite image compression, addressing issues like radiation-induced errors, memory size, and power efficiency. A hybrid memory array is proposed, allocating reliable cells for Most Significant Bits (MSB) and less reliable cells for Least Significant Bits (LSB), optimizing area, power, and data integrity. The research evaluates SRAM cell sensitivity to radiation-induced Single Event Upsets (SEUs), with simulation results indicating smaller cell sizes and lower operating voltages increase susceptibility. Simulate a comparative analysis involving radiation-hardened SRAM cells, including CC18T, RHC14T, RHMC12T, SARP12T, SRRD12T, and PCELL10T, and proposed 12T. Proposed 12T cell is significantly 1.22x/3.77x/3.9x/4.1x/1.86x less write delay then CC18T/RHC14T/RHMC12T/SRRD12T/PCELL10T, respectively. Additionally, 2.27x/1.98x/71.29x lower read access time than RHMC12T/SARP12T/SRRD12T memory cells. The area occupied by our proposed cell is substantially smaller, with it being 2.03x/1.39x/1.18x/1.6x/1.09x less than CC18T/RHC14T/RHMC12T/ SRRD12T / PCELL10T. Furthermore, observed improvements in read, write and hold Noise Margins, and critical charge. Introduced an Electrical Quality Metric (EQM) to provide a comprehensive assessment of SRAM cell performance, and our proposed cell excels in terms of EQM compared to the others.

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Reversible data hiding: A contemporary survey of state-of-the-art, opportunities and challenges

Cited by 22 publications

References 154 publications

Run length encoding based reversible data hiding scheme in encrypted images

Run length encoding based reversible data hiding scheme in encrypted images

High-Capacity Imperceptible Data Hiding Using Permutation-Based Embedding Process for IoT Security

Design a Hybrid Memory Array for Radiation-Hardened SRAM in Satellite Image Compression Systems

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