A Retrospective Analysis on the Cystic Echinococcosis Cases Occured in Northeastern Punjab Province, Pakistan

Khan, Aisha; Zahoor, Sarmad; Ahmed, Haroon; Malik, Uzma; Butt, Rabia Amin; Muzam, Muhammad Sultanul; Kilinc, Seyma Gunyakti; Noor, Noorulain; Zahoor, Saroosh; Afzal, Muhammad Sohail; Mansur, Hamza; Irum, Shumaila; Şimşek, Sami

doi:10.3347/kjp.2018.56.4.385

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…CE is an endemic disease in Pakistan and causes serious economic losses in terms of human healthcare and livestock agriculture costs. In addition, there is lack of knowledge about CE in Pakistan that affects its transmission dynamics [34][35][36]. Agriculture is the backbone of the Pakistan and a large number of families are affiliated with this sector, including animal rearing and dairy farming for milk products.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of human Echinococcus isolates and the first report of E. canadensis (G6/G7) and E. multilocularis from the Punjab Province of Pakistan using sequence analysis

et al. 2020

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Background: Echinococcosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease causing serious health problems in both humans and animals in different endemic regions across the world. There are two different forms of human echinococcosis: Cystic Echinococcosis (CE) and Alveolar Echinococcosis (AE). CE is caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato and AE by the larval stage of Echinococcus multilocularis. Geographically, CE is universally distributed, while AE is prevalent in the northern hemisphere. Although the disease is endemic in neighboring countries (China, Iran and India) of Pakistan, there are limited reports from that country. Besides, there are no comprehensive data on the genotyping of Echinococcus species in humans based on sequence analysis. This study aimed to detect the presence of human CE and to identify Echinococcus spp. in human isolates through genetic characterization of hydatid cysts in the Punjab Province of Pakistan. Methods: Genetic analysis was performed on 38 human hydatid cyst samples collected from patients with echinococcosis using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1), cytochrome b (cytb) and NADH subunit 1 (nad1). Patient data including age, epidemiological history, sex, and location were obtained from hospital records. Results: According to the sequence analysis we detected E. granulosus sensu stricto (n = 35), E. canadensis (G6/G7) (n = 2), and E. multilocularis (n = 1). Thus, the majority of the patients (92.1%, 35/38) were infected with E. granulosus s.s. This is the first molecular confirmation of E. canadensis (G6/G7) and E. multilocularis in human subjects from Pakistan. Conclusions: These findings suggested that E. granulosus s.s. is the dominant species in humans in Pakistan. In addition, E. canadensis (G6/G7) and E. multilocularis are circulating in the country. Further studies are required to explore the genetic diversity in both humans and livestock.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of human Echinococcus isolates and the first report of E. canadensis (G6/G7) and E. multilocularis from the Punjab Province of Pakistan using sequence analysis

et al. 2020

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“…A retrospective study of hospital records from five major metropolitan cities of Pakistan reported 188 surgically confirmed cases of CE corresponding to an annual frequency of 18.8 cases/year [17]. Another retrospective study in Northeastern Punjab Province reported a total of 198 cases of CE during a 6-year period (2012-2017) [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human cystic echinococcosis in southwest Iran: a 15-year retrospective epidemiological study of hospitalized cases

et al. 2020

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Background: Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is considered as a neglected disease with significant mortality and morbidity in most of the developing countries. The current study aimed to retrospectively assess the demographic and epidemiologic features of human CE surgical cases in a 15-year period in Fars province, southwestern Iran. Methods: A 15-year (2004-2018) retrospective study was conducted to find out the epidemiological and clinical picture of CE in patients who undergone surgeries for CE in two main hospitals in Fars Province, southwestern Iran. Hospital records were reviewed, and data were retrieved from each CE patient's record. Results: A total of 501 CE surgical cases were recorded during a 15-year period, corresponding to an average annual incidence of 33.4 and a surgical incidence rate of 0.74/100,000 population. Of these, 242 (48.6%) were male, and 256 (52.4%) were female. Patients' age ranged from 2 to 96 years, with a mean age of 34.92 (± 19.87) years. A significantly higher rate of CE cases was noted in subject's ≥ 50 years of age. The highest frequency of cases (62: 12.5%) was recorded in the year 2017. The most commonly involved organs were liver (339 cases; 57.8%) and lung (279 cases; 47.6%). Concurrent involvement of two organs was seen in 58 (9.9%) cases of both lung and liver, 10 (1.6%) cases of lung and other locations (but not liver), and 23 (3.9%) cases of liver and other locations (but not lung). Reoperation was noted in 67 (13.4%) of the cases. The size of the lung hydatid cyst varied, ranging between 2 and 24 cm (mean = 7.33, SD = 3.737). The size of liver hydatid cysts ranged from 1 to 26 cm (mean 9.04, SD = 4.275). Conclusion: The findings of the current study demonstrated a nearly constant prevalence of CE during the last 15 years in southern Iran. Further studies are needed to find out the reasons behind the recurrence of the disease, which is substantial, in surgically-treated patients.

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“…Moreover, 14.7% of infected stray dogs are in close proximity to humans as well as their livestock, hence maintaining the CE cycle. 24,25 Increasing awareness among the general population is therefore of paramount significance to curb this disease, especially. as a previous study has shown that only 4.1% of dog owners and butchers in Pakistan had even heard about the disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cystic echinococcosis: a 10-year experience from a middle-income country

Butt

Khan

2019

Trop Doct

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Cystic echinococcosis (CE), or hydatid disease, is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) afflicting one million people globally. This study aims to elucidate the presentation, treatment and outcomes of the disease in Pakistan. A review of charts of 225 patients (median age = 42.3 years) with CE admitted at Aga Khan Hospital, Karachi during 2007–2017, was carried out. Abdominal pain was present in 34.7% followed by fever in 26.2%. There were 142 (63.1%) cases of hepatic cysts and 55 (24.4%) of pulmonary hydatid cysts. Combined surgical and medical therapy was given to 130 (57.8%) patients. Surgery only was performed in 23 (10.2%) patients, medical therapy only was given to 35 (15.6%) patients, and puncture, aspiration, injection and reaspiration (PAIR) with medical therapy was given to 15 (6.7%) patients. Recurrence occurred in 14 (6.2%) patients and mortality in 7 (3.1%) patients. Owing to its non-specific presentation, a high index of suspicion is required to diagnose and treat CE in a timely manner.

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A Retrospective Analysis on the Cystic Echinococcosis Cases Occured in Northeastern Punjab Province, Pakistan

Cited by 20 publications

References 19 publications

Molecular characterization of human Echinococcus isolates and the first report of E. canadensis (G6/G7) and E. multilocularis from the Punjab Province of Pakistan using sequence analysis

Molecular characterization of human Echinococcus isolates and the first report of E. canadensis (G6/G7) and E. multilocularis from the Punjab Province of Pakistan using sequence analysis

Human cystic echinococcosis in southwest Iran: a 15-year retrospective epidemiological study of hospitalized cases

Cystic echinococcosis: a 10-year experience from a middle-income country

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