Human cystic echinococcosis in southwest Iran: a 15-year retrospective epidemiological study of hospitalized cases

Abstract

Background: Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is considered as a neglected disease with significant mortality and morbidity in most of the developing countries. The current study aimed to retrospectively assess the demographic and epidemiologic features of human CE surgical cases in a 15-year period in Fars province, southwestern Iran. Methods: A 15-year (2004-2018) retrospective study was conducted to find out the epidemiological and clinical picture of CE in patients who undergone surgeries for CE in two main hospitals in Fars Province, southwestern Iran. Hospital records were reviewed, and data were retrieved from each CE patient's record. Results: A total of 501 CE surgical cases were recorded during a 15-year period, corresponding to an average annual incidence of 33.4 and a surgical incidence rate of 0.74/100,000 population. Of these, 242 (48.6%) were male, and 256 (52.4%) were female. Patients' age ranged from 2 to 96 years, with a mean age of 34.92 (± 19.87) years. A significantly higher rate of CE cases was noted in subject's ≥ 50 years of age. The highest frequency of cases (62: 12.5%) was recorded in the year 2017. The most commonly involved organs were liver (339 cases; 57.8%) and lung (279 cases; 47.6%). Concurrent involvement of two organs was seen in 58 (9.9%) cases of both lung and liver, 10 (1.6%) cases of lung and other locations (but not liver), and 23 (3.9%) cases of liver and other locations (but not lung). Reoperation was noted in 67 (13.4%) of the cases. The size of the lung hydatid cyst varied, ranging between 2 and 24 cm (mean = 7.33, SD = 3.737). The size of liver hydatid cysts ranged from 1 to 26 cm (mean 9.04, SD = 4.275). Conclusion: The findings of the current study demonstrated a nearly constant prevalence of CE during the last 15 years in southern Iran. Further studies are needed to find out the reasons behind the recurrence of the disease, which is substantial, in surgically-treated patients.

Human Cystic Echinococcosis in Lebanon: A Retrospective Study and Molecular Epidemiology

“…Mean annual incidence rate of surgically treated CE cases in the current study has been determined as 1.23/100,000 inhabitants which is comparable with the incidence in other Middle Eastern countries such as Israel (2.7 ± 1.2 /100,000 inhabitants) [29] but higher than Iran (0.74/100,000 inhabitants) [30]. An incidence of 0.87-6.6 per 100,000 inhabitants has been reported for [31].…”

Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto G1 is the predominant genotype in human and livestock isolates from Turkey and Iran, based on mitochondrial nad5 gene differentiation

“…The study was performed on hydatid cyst samples collected from three regions: Van province from Turkey, located in the east of Van Lake, which is a part of the coldest region in Turkey; East Azerbaijan province as a cold area, located on the mountain range of Iran in the southeast of Urmia Lake; and Fars Province in southern Iran (Table 1). Fars Province has a completely different geographical and climatic condition in comparison with the other two areas in Iran and Turkey, but all three areas have always been considered endemic areas for human CE [5,8,[24][25][26][27].…”

Cystic Echinococcosis: Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (KAP) among Surgically Operated Cases in Fars Province, Southern Iran

“…CE is a major health and economic challenge in the Middle East countries, including Iran where about 1% of all hospital surgeries are accounted for this disease [3][4][5]. The overall seroprevalence of CE in Iran is reported to be 4.2% with the highest prevalence in the South area with 5.8% and the least in the central area with 2.2% prevalence rate [6].…”

“…The overall seroprevalence of CE in Iran is reported to be 4.2% with the highest prevalence in the South area with 5.8% and the least in the central area with 2.2% prevalence rate [6]. CE is one of the most important parasitic diseases in Fars Province in the south of Iran [5,7,8]. Fars Province is the center of agriculture and animal husbandry in Iran, and one of the most important and populated tribal nomads (Qashqai) resides in this area.…”

“…The province is endemic focus for several parasitic diseases including visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis [9,10]. In a study by Shahriarirad et al in Fars Province, a total of 501 CE surgical cases were recorded during 15 years, corresponding to an average annual incidence of 33.4 and a surgical incidence rate of 0.74/100,000 population [5].…”