A restorable fragile watermarking scheme with superior localization for both natural and text images

Hemida, Omer; Huo, Yaoran; He, Hongjie; Fan, Chen

doi:10.1007/s11042-018-6664-3

Cited by 14 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Where, PMRS denotes the calculated Pattern Matching Rate for one state. The PMRS and PMRT are measured by Equation 6and (7). PMRT refers to Pattern Matching Rate that is measured for a certain transition.…”

Section: Figure 2: Watermark Regeneration Process In Ecl Watermarkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhancing fragility of zero-based text watermarking utilizing effective characters list

Saba

Bashardoost

Kolivand

et al. 2019

Multimed Tools Appl

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Text is an important medium used for sharing information worldwide. For a text document, digital watermarking is an efficient way for copyright protection, authentication, tamper proofing, to name but a few. In this paper, a zero-based watermarking approach is proposed for document authentication and tamper detection. To enhance the fragility of watermark, the proposed text watermarking approach can be comfortably utilizedbased on the Effective Characters List (ECL) for watermark generation. The ECL method is generated for English text zero-watermarking by maintaining the contents of the original document and constructing the watermark by formulating the smooth transition between the selected characters in the documents. The evaluation of the proposed watermarking approach is based on three famous watermarking attacks including deletion, insertion, and reordering with an accuracy of 80.76%, 80.36%, and 88.1%, respectively. For a fair evaluation, a comparison is put forth with a recent zero-based watermarking method-clearly showing that the proposed method outperforms existing with greater accuracy.

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Section: Figure 2: Watermark Regeneration Process In Ecl Watermarkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The robust watermark is ineffective when the text watermarking method is used for authentication purpose [5,6]. In fact, the opposite side of robustness, which is fragility, should be considered in the development of watermarking methods for authentication purposes [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%