A residue study on beef cattle consuming 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin

Jensen, David J.; Hummel, Richard A.; Mahle, Nels H.; Kocher, Claudine; Higgins, Hubert

doi:10.1021/jf00104a014

Cited by 48 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…This value is based on a study conducted by Jensen et al 50 in which cattle were fed diets containing 24 parts per trillion (ppt) 2,3,7,8-TCDD for 28 days. The cattle were returned to a normal diet for another 36 weeks followed by tissue analysis.…”

Section: Ingestion Of Beefmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the level found in the fat tissue was approximately four times higher than the diet level. 50 Results suggest that the concentration of TCDD in muscle is proportional to the percentage of fat in that organ. Therefore, assumptions regarding the steady-state body-burden and 25% meat fat resulted in the estimated transfer coefficient of 0.4 day/kg.…”

Section: Ingestion Of Beefmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, assumptions regarding the steady-state body-burden and 25% meat fat resulted in the estimated transfer coefficient of 0.4 day/kg. 50 The Jensen et al 50 data were reexamined by Fries and Paustenbach 34 who, by correcting for the oral bioavailability of 2,3,7,8-TCDD and the high administered doses, recommended a diet-to-meat transfer coefficient of 0.1 day/kg for cattle. 34 The EPA 25 cited the data presented by Fries and Paustenbach 34 and used a diet-to-meat transfer coefficient of 0.15 day/kg for evaluating the potential health risks for 2,3,7,8-TCDD.…”

Section: Ingestion Of Beefmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This value is based on an average of three estimates derived from two feeding studies, 5055 and one estimate based on the octanol:water partition coefficient for 2,3,7,8-TCDD. 56 Jensen et al 50 suggested a diet-to-milk uptake factor of 0.008 day/liter from their study in which three cows were administered TCDD as a contaminant in 2,4,5-T over a 77-day period. Fries and Marrow 55 suggested an uptake factor of 0.09 day/liter based on Jensen's study 50 of the transfer of 2,3,7,8-TCDD from feed to milk by adjusting for the differences in fat content of milk (4%).…”

Section: Ingestion Of Dairy Milkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…56 Jensen et al 50 suggested a diet-to-milk uptake factor of 0.008 day/liter from their study in which three cows were administered TCDD as a contaminant in 2,4,5-T over a 77-day period. Fries and Marrow 55 suggested an uptake factor of 0.09 day/liter based on Jensen's study 50 of the transfer of 2,3,7,8-TCDD from feed to milk by adjusting for the differences in fat content of milk (4%). Based on the octanol:water partition coefficient for organic compounds, Travis and Arms 56 estimated an uptake factor of 0.032 day/liter.…”

Section: Ingestion Of Dairy Milkmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of Probabilistic Methods to Understand the Conservatism in California’s Approach to Assessing Health Risks Posed by Air Contaminants

Copeland¹,

Holbrow²,

Otani³

et al. 1994

Air & Waste

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Many state and federal agencies have prepared risk assessment guidelines, which describe methods for quantifying health risks associated with exposure to vapors and particulates emitted from point and area sources (e.g., California Air Pollution Control Officers Association [CAPCOA] under the Air Toxics "Hot Spots" Act [Assembly Bill 2588] and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [EPA] under the Clean Air Act). In general, these guidelines recommend or require the use of upperbound "point" estimates for numerous exposure parameters. This methodology yields a single risk estimate, which is intended not to underestimate the true risk and may significantly overstate it. This paper describes a risk assessment of a facility's airborne emissions using a probabilistic approach, which presents a range and distribution of risk estimates rather than a single point estimate. The health risks to residents living near a food processing facility, as estimated using techniques recommended by California AB2588, are compared to the results of a probabilistic analysis. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) were identified as the emitted chemicals of concern. The point estimate method recommended by CAPCOA resulted in estimates that were greater than the 99.99th percentile risk predicted by the probabilistic analysis. As shown in other assessments of persistent airborne chemicals, secondary or indirect exposure pathways (i.e., ingestion of beef, ingestion of cow's milk, and ingestion of mother's milk) rather than inhalation, were the greatest contributors to risk. In this analysis, the probability distributions for the cancer potency factor and ingestion of cow's milk had the largest impact on the results of the 33 exposure factors considered.

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Section: Ingestion Of Beefmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ingestion Of Beefmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ingestion Of Beefmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ingestion Of Dairy Milkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ingestion Of Dairy Milkmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Use of Probabilistic Methods to Understand the Conservatism in California’s Approach to Assessing Health Risks Posed by Air Contaminants

Copeland¹,

Holbrow²,

Otani³

et al. 1994

Air & Waste

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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The mass spectrometry of chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins

Mahle

Shadoff

1982

Biol. Mass Spectrom.

Self Cite

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All aspects of the use of mass spectrometry for the identification and quantitation of chlorodibenzo-p-dioxins are critically reviewed. The mass spectra obtained by various ionization methods are discussed. Numerous mass spectral techniques and cleanup procedures are covered, with emphasis on their interrelationships. These techniques have been applied to the determination of chlorodibenzo-p-dioxins in many different matrices, including product materials, such as chlorophenols and phenoxy acid herbicides, and toxicological and environmental materials such as cattle, fish, rodent and human tissues. Formation and degradation studies, which include thermal chemistry, photochemistry and chemical stability and degradation, are presented. Numerous considerations in the handling and quantitation of chlorodibenzo-p-dioxins, such as interferences, detection limits and recovery studies, are evaluated.

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Dynamics of organochlorine compounds in herring gulls: III. Tissue distribution and bioaccumulation in lake ontario gulls

Braune

Norstrom

1989

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

226

141

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Apparent biomagnification factors (BMFs, wet weight basis) for organochlorine compounds in herring gulls (Larus argentatus) in Lake Ontario were shown to be related to chlorine substitution patterns in the case of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs). PCBs accumulated according to the availability of adjacent positions not substituted with chlorine: (a) para‐meta unsubstituted (P group), mean BMF 20 ± 6.2; (b) meta‐ortho unsubstituted (M group), mean BMF 87 ± 36; and (c) no adjacent unsubstituted positions (blocked, B group), mean BMF 154 ± 39. Among the other organochlorines, DDT, cis‐ and trans‐nonachlor, dieldrin and octachlorostyrene magnified to the least extent (BMF 3‐19), and photomirex, mirex and DDE magnified to the greatest extent (BMF 85‐100). Of the PCDDs and PCDFs, 2,3,7,8‐TCDD and 2,3,4,7,8‐PnCDF biomagnified to a greater degree than did other congeners (BMF 32 and 7, respectively). There were no significant differences among egg‐to‐whole‐body ratios (mean 0.60 ± 0.11, lipid weight basis) for any of the organochlorines except PCDDs and PCDFs, indicating that partitioning among lipid pools in the body is the main determining factor in tissue distribution. Egg‐to‐whole‐body ratios for PCDDs (mean 1.2 ± 0.33) and PCDFs (mean 0.87 ± 0.02) were higher than but not significantly different from those for other organochlorines. Liver‐to‐whole‐body ratios (mean 0.80 ± 0.16) also did not differ significantly among organochlorines, except that heptachlor epoxide, dieldrin, PCDDs and PCDFs had higher ratios. The mean fraction of the total body burden of PCDDs and PCDFs contained in the liver ranged from 5 to 55%, compared with 1 to 5% among the other organochlorines, and it increased with degree of chlorination.

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A residue study on beef cattle consuming 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin

Cited by 48 publications

References 8 publications

Use of Probabilistic Methods to Understand the Conservatism in California’s Approach to Assessing Health Risks Posed by Air Contaminants

Use of Probabilistic Methods to Understand the Conservatism in California’s Approach to Assessing Health Risks Posed by Air Contaminants

The mass spectrometry of chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins

Dynamics of organochlorine compounds in herring gulls: III. Tissue distribution and bioaccumulation in lake ontario gulls

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