The mass spectrometry of chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins

Abstract

All aspects of the use of mass spectrometry for the identification and quantitation of chlorodibenzo-p-dioxins are critically reviewed. The mass spectra obtained by various ionization methods are discussed. Numerous mass spectral techniques and cleanup procedures are covered, with emphasis on their interrelationships. These techniques have been applied to the determination of chlorodibenzo-p-dioxins in many different matrices, including product materials, such as chlorophenols and phenoxy acid herbicides, and toxicological and environmental materials such as cattle, fish, rodent and human tissues. Formation and degradation studies, which include thermal chemistry, photochemistry and chemical stability and degradation, are presented. Numerous considerations in the handling and quantitation of chlorodibenzo-p-dioxins, such as interferences, detection limits and recovery studies, are evaluated.

High-resolution gas chromatographic high-resolution mass spectrometric analysis of human adipose tissue for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin

“…(2) Introduce FC-43 through the septum inlet system and tune the instrument to 10000 RP at 10% overlap using m/z 313.9839. (3) Call up the selected ion recording (SIR) setup program and verify electrostatic analyzer (ESA) offset and instrument zero using masses 314 and 325. (4) Set the mass window to 125 ppm and load down the method file.…”

“…In recent reviews (1)(2)(3), the results of quantification of 2.3.7.8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in biological samples by using various approaches to gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) instrumentation have been summarized. Fish are the most studied group of animals, followed by cattle.…”

Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin isomer differentiation by micro diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectrometry at the low nanogram level

“…The DRIFT spectra recorded for some of the TCDD isomers are presented in Figures [1][2][3] region beyond 1800-4000 cm"1 is clear of any absorption features except for weak C-H aromatic stretch bands around 3100 cm"1. It is apparent that under these conditions high signal-to-noise spectra are obtainable for 50-200 ng of these isomers.…”

The analysis of dioxins and related compounds

“…Also, there are many other chlorinated compounds that also lose Cl forming the Cl À anion and therefore monitoring Cl À is not very selective. Chemical ionization using O 2 as a reagent gas has been investigated (Hass & Friesen, 1979;Mahle & Shadoff, 1982;Chernestsova et al, 2002). It can be used to distinguish different congeners, but is not sensitive enough to be used for ultra-trace analytical purposes.…”