A report on ester interchange

Wright, H. J.; Segur, J. B.; Clark, H. V.; Coburn, S K; Langdon, E. E.; Dupuis, Romain

doi:10.1007/bf02549470

Cited by 111 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…This soap generates an increase of medium viscosity and formation of gels [37,38] Hence these both phenomena involve better mass and heat fluxes and therefore better reactivity. Otherwise, the evolutions of reaction intermediates (MG and DG) are different for each molar ratio.…”

Section: Continuous Transesterification Processes In Microreactorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-line monitoring of the transesterification reaction carried out in microreactors using near infrared spectroscopy

Richard

Dubreuil

Thiébaud‐Roux

et al. 2013

Fuel

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Biodiesel can be produced from vegetable oils, animal fats, and waste cooking oils by transesterification with ethanol (also called ethanolysis) in order to substitute fossil fuels. In this work, the batch ethanolysis of high oleic sunflower oil was transferred into a continuous microstructured device, which induces a better control of heat and mass transfers. Various parameters were studied, notably the initial ethanol to oil molar ratio.An innovative method using NIR spectroscopy was also developed to on-line monitor the transesterification reaction of high oleic sunflower oil with ethanol in microreactors (circular PFA tube 1/16" OD, 0.02" ID). The reactions were monitored directly in the microreactors through sequential scans of the reaction medium by the means of an adequate probe. The asset of the method is that no sample collection or preparation is necessary. Partial least squares regression was used to develop calibration and prediction models between NIR spectral data and analytical data obtained by a reference method (gas chromatography with flame ionization detection, GC-FID). This method is fast, safe, reliable, non destructive and inexpensive contrary to conventional procedures, such as gas chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography generally used to determine the composition of crude transesterification medium.

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Section: Continuous Transesterification Processes In Microreactorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-line monitoring of the transesterification reaction carried out in microreactors using near infrared spectroscopy

Richard

Dubreuil

Thiébaud‐Roux

et al. 2013

Fuel

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“…In the transesterification of vegetable oils, a triglyceride reacts with an alcohol in the presence of a strong acid or base, producing a mixture of fatty acids alkyl esters and glycerol 25,26 (Scheme 4). The overall process is a sequence of three consecutive and reversible reactions, in which diand monoglycerides are formed as intermediates 26 .…”

Section: Transesterification Of Vegetable Oilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transesterification of vegetable oils: a review

Schuchardt¹,

Sercheli²,

Vargas³

1998

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

977

539

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A transesterificação de óleos vegetais com metanol, bem como as principais aplicações de ésteres metílicos de ácidos graxos, são revisadas. São descritos os aspectos gerais desse processo e a aplicabilidade de diferentes tipos de catalisadores (ácidos, hidróxidos, alcóxidos e carbonatos de metais alcalinos, enzimas e bases não-iônicas, como aminas, amidinas, guanidinas e triamino(imino)fosforanos). Enfoque especial é dado às guanidinas, que podem ser facilmente heterogeneizadas em polímeros orgânicos. No entanto, as bases ancoradas lixiviam dos polímeros. Novas estratégias para a obtenção de guanidinas heterogeneizadas mais resistentes à lixiviação são propostas. Finalmente, são descritas várias aplicações para ésteres de ácidos graxos, obtidos por transesterificação de óleos vegetais.The transesterification of vegetable oils with methanol as well as the main uses of the fatty acid methyl esters are reviewed. The general aspects of this process and the applicability of different types of catalysts (acids, alkaline metal hydroxides, alkoxides and carbonates, enzymes and non-ionic bases, such as amines, amidines, guanidines and triamino(imino)phosphoranes) are described. Special attention is given to guanidines, which can be easily heterogenized on organic polymers. However, the anchored catalysts show leaching problems. New strategies to obtain non-leaching guanidine-containing catalysts are proposed. Finally, several applications of fatty acid esters, obtained by transesterification of vegetable oils, are described.

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“…Canakci and Van Gerpen 8 had found that transesterification would not occur if the FFA content in the oil were above 3 . Usually, free carboxylic acids form soaps with alkaline-catalyzed transesterification, hence they impede the separation of the glycerol phase due to the emulsifying effects of soaps and lower their catalytic activity 9,10 . In extreme cases, of more than 5 FFA oil, Canakci and Van Gerpen 11 reported that the reacted mixture might completely gel after the addition of KOH or NaOH, so that the charge has to be discarded.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acid Esterification-Alkaline Transesterification Process for Methyl Ester Production from Crude Rubber Seed Oil

2012

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A report on ester interchange

Abstract: Summary The application of the ester interchange reaction to triglycerides has been reviewed briefly. This process gives promise of becoming commercially important, in which case substantial quantities of glycerine might be added to present sources of supply.

Cited by 111 publications

References 2 publications

On-line monitoring of the transesterification reaction carried out in microreactors using near infrared spectroscopy

On-line monitoring of the transesterification reaction carried out in microreactors using near infrared spectroscopy

Transesterification of vegetable oils: a review

Acid Esterification-Alkaline Transesterification Process for Methyl Ester Production from Crude Rubber Seed Oil

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