A remote unmanned ELF/VLF goniometer receiver in Antarctica

Matthews, Janice R.; Smith, A. J.; Smith, I. D.

doi:10.1016/0032-0633(79)90062-x

Cited by 33 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The time variation of the L value shows a tendency similar to that of the intensity maximum, namely that the whistler that appears at the later time has a path location at a higher latitude, but the L values deduced from the dispersion are lower than those of the intensity peak. A discrepancy between the dispersion analysis and direction finding technique has been reported byRycroft et al [1975] andMatthews et al [1979], but in contrast to the present results, their results show a shift of L values obtained by dispersion analysis toward higher latitudes than those inferred from the direction finding.ATTENUATION RATE OF WHISTLER WITH DISTANCEIn order to justify the analysis given in the previous paragraph, we give a detailed analysis of whistler wave intensity variations with dis.tance. Similar analysis for whistler mode signal from the Siple transmitter has been already reported[Tsuruda et al, 1982], but little work has been reported on the spatial attenuation of whistler waves so far.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…We made a comparison of the two methods by applying them to the same whistler records. As an alternative way of determining the whistler exit region, several types of direction finding have been developed [Sa•lredo and Bullou•lh, 1973; Tsuruda and Hayashi, 1975; Rycroft et al, 1975;Okada et al, 1977;Leavitt et al, 1978;Matthews et al, 1979;Tsuruda and lkeda, 1979;Carpenter, 1980]. Rycroft et al [1975] and Matthews et al [1979] compared whistler propagation paths derived from the dispersion analysis and those obtained by the use of the direction finding technique.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intensity and polarization characteristics of whistlers deduced from multi‐station observations

Machida¹,

Tsuruda²

1984

J. Geophys. Res.

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Whistlers recorded at four stations along the geomagnetic meridian near Roberval, Canada, on July 23, 1979, have been analyzed. They showed a spatial attenuation rate as high as ∼6 dB/100 km, which is appreciably larger than previous theoretical predictions. The wave polarization of these whistlers was also analyzed; the wave polarization was a maximum (right handed) at the station where wave intensity was a maximum. The wave polarization was also right handed at a station distant from the wave exit region. The locations of the wave exit region inferred from the intensity maximum were compared with the L values of the whistler paths derived from the dispersion analysis. We obtained a consistent relation between them when uncertainties in the dipole field model are taken into account.

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confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intensity and polarization characteristics of whistlers deduced from multi‐station observations

Machida¹,

Tsuruda²

1984

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…They can also find applications in hybrid and electric vehicles to act as a high power source during cold cranking and acceleration at low temperatures. Moreover, they can be used in high altitude aircraft and spacecraft, astronomical observatories exposed to ultralow temperature, and systems used for exploration of natural resources in polar regions [61,62]. In some aeronautic and aerospace applications, the electronic systems have to experience rapid change in temperature from the ambient on the earth surface (20-40°C ) to ultra-low temperatures (down to −50°C) at high altitudes, requiring the micro-power source to be tolerant of large temperature fluctuations [63].…”

Section: Comparison Of Supercapacitors and Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Temperature on Supercapacitor Performance

Xiong

Kundu

Fisher

2015

SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology

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Because of the negligible faradic reactions in double-layer capacitors, heat generated during charge/discharge processes derives mostly from Joule heating, which is determined by internal resistance (or equivalent series resistance, ESR). However, heat generated in pseudo-capacitors derives from both Joule heating and exothermic/ endothermic Faradic reactions. Thus, understanding how temperature affects capacitance and ESR is essential to predict supercapacitor performance under different operating conditions. The general techniques (e.g., CV, constant current-charge/ discharge and EIS) to evaluate capacitance and ESR have been discussed in Sect. 2.4.Many factors contribute to ESR in a supercapacitor: (i) interfacial resistance (contact resistance) between the electrode and the current collectors; (ii) electronic resistance of the electrode material; (iii) resistance of ions migrating through the electrode pores; (v) electrolyte resistance, and (vi) resistance of ions migrating through the separator [2,3]. Consequently, ESR depends on the active area and porosity of electrodes, ionic conductivity of the electrolyte, and physical properties of the separator (e.g., porosity, thickness and tortuosity). Notably, electrolyte resistance is only part of ESR. ESR depends on many factors (e.g., electrode structure, materials, electrolytes, fabrication and temperature). ESR is suggested to be inversely proportional to σ within certain ranges [4], but this relation can be violated. For instance, ESR is more dominated by the carbon electrode resistance and the interface resistance at the current collector than electrolyte resistance, as indicated by a much smaller activation energy of ACN-based supercapacitors than that of the electrolyte [5]. Capacitance is a function of surface area and volume of the electrodes, and ionic conductivity of electrolytes, which strongly depends on temperature variations.The operating temperature strongly influences the properties of electrolytes (e.g., viscosity, solubility of the salt in solvents, ionic conductivity, and thermal stability), leading to dramatic changes of capacitance and ESR, particularly at extreme temperatures (ultra-low and ultra-high temperatures). Consequently, the influence of

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“…This discrepancy in L-value may be interpreted by the idea that downcoming whistlers leave ducts at altitude above 1000km (THOMSON and DDWDEN,1978). However, the magnitude of the discrepancy is less than those of MATTHEWS et al (1979) and STRANGEWAYS et al (1982). It is necessary to examine this problem in detail, including the result by MACHIDA and TSURUDA (1984), who give opposite results.…”

Section: Analysis Of Whistlermentioning

confidence: 97%

Exit areas of VLF waves inferred from the multistation measurements at Roberval, Canada.

Ikeda

Tsuruda

Machida

1988

J. geomagn. geoelec

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The characteristics of the wave exit area on the lower boundary of the ionosphere is inferred from the distribution of the magnetic intensities of the VLF waves simultaneously received at six observation stations near the Siple conjugate point at Roberval in Canada on July 23, 1979. In order to estimate the characteristics of the wave exit area, we have to make some assumptions about the conditions of the input wave injected to it and the propagation mechanism in free space. Applying the principle of Huygence for electromagnetic wave in free space to the wave radiated from the exit area, we compute the distributions of the wave magnetic intensity on the ground. By a least square technique, we infer the location and shape of the exit area making the wave intensity distribution observed on the ground. The obtained results are as follows. It was found that three wave exit areas at least existed over the observation station network. It was confirmed that the signals radiated from the Siple transmitter (Siple waves) were propagated along the ducts in the magnetosphere. The wave exit areas were generally elongated in the east-west direction, suggesting that the shapes of the ducts are also elongated in the east-west direction.

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A remote unmanned ELF/VLF goniometer receiver in Antarctica

Cited by 33 publications

References 18 publications

Intensity and polarization characteristics of whistlers deduced from multi‐station observations

Intensity and polarization characteristics of whistlers deduced from multi‐station observations

Influence of Temperature on Supercapacitor Performance

Exit areas of VLF waves inferred from the multistation measurements at Roberval, Canada.

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