A reliable multipath routing protocol based on link quality and stability for MANETs in urban areas

Benatia, Salah Eddine; Smail, Omar; Meftah, Boudjelal; Rebbah, Mohammed; Cousin, Bernard

doi:10.1016/j.simpat.2021.102397

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In 2021, Benatia et al 19 have adopted a novel multi-path routing protocol named "Reliable Multipath routing protocol based on link Quality and Stability in Urban Areas (RMQS-ua)." This model has focused on selecting the path which has more stable links and superior link quality for ensuring reliable data transmission.…”

Section: Existing Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2021, Benatia et al 19 have adopted a novel multi‐path routing protocol named “Reliable Multipath routing protocol based on link Quality and Stability in Urban Areas (RMQS‐ua).” This model has focused on selecting the path which has more stable links and superior link quality for ensuring reliable data transmission. This model has considered the combination of objectives as an enhanced packet reception ratio (PRR) and signal to noise ratio (SNR) for evaluating the link quality, and the link stability was estimated by exponential moving average (EMA).…”

Section: Literature Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Developing multi‐path routing protocol in MANET using hybrid SM‐CSBO based on novel multi‐objective function

Jeyaraj¹,

Justindhas²,

Aliar³

2022

Int J Communication

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SummaryOne of the infrastructure‐free networks is mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) that are built with limited battery life using wireless mobile devices. This restricted battery capability in MANETs creates the necessity of considering the energy‐awareness constraint in designing them. As routing protocols, the major aim of MANETs is to create the energy awareness in the network; it improves the network's lifetime through effectively utilizing the available restricted energy. Moreover, it creates some limitations like the mobility constraint, wireless link's sensitivity to environmental impacts, and restricted transmission range and residual energy of nodes that causes rapid modifications in the network topology and frequent link failure. By taking those problems, this paper plans to develop a new multipath routing protocol, where the hybrid optimization algorithm with the integration of cuckoo search optimization (CSO) and butterfly optimization algorithm (BOA) is proposed and named sensory modality‐based cuckoo search butterfly optimization (SM‐CSBO) for determining the optimal path between the source and destination. The main goal is to select the path with better link quality and more stable links to guarantee reliable data transmission. The multi‐objective function is considered with the factors regarding distance, normalized energy, packet delivery ratio, and control overhead to develop an effective routing protocol in MANET. The proposed model of SM‐CSBO algorithm has superior than 5.8%, 30.4%, 36.7%, and 39.3%, correspondingly maximized than PSO, SFO, CSO, and SFO algorithms while considering the number of nodes as 150. The simulation outcomes proved that it enhances network performance when compared with the other traditional protocols.

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Section: Existing Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing multi‐path routing protocol in MANET using hybrid SM‐CSBO based on novel multi‐objective function

Jeyaraj¹,

Justindhas²,

Aliar³

2022

Int J Communication

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“…In this protocol, multiple available routes were sorted based on the different criteria to create effective disjoint routes. A reliable multipath routing protocol based on link quality and stability in urban areas (RMQS-ua) [22] was developed to choose the route that has better link quality and more stable links according to the signal-to-noise ratio and packet reception ratio.…”

Section: Literature Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The efficiency of the RSTA-AOMDV routing protocol is compared with the existing protocols such as TA-AOMDV [16], SR-MQMR [17], VaSe-MRP [18], AOMDV-FFn [19], AOMDV-MCA [21], RMQS-ua [22] and EEMR-ACO [23]. To analyze the QoS efficiency for the proposed protocol, the evaluation metrics considered in the simulation are E2E-D, throughput, NRO, PDR and MEC.…”

Section: Evaluation Metricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topology Change Aware on Demand Routing Protocol for Improving Reliability and Stability of MANET

2022

IJIES

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In mobile adhoc networks (MANETs), the most essential problem is to ensure the quality-of-service (QoS) during data transmission via multiple paths from a source to the destination node. To tackle this problem, a topological change adaptive adhoc on-demand multipath distance vector (TA-AOMDV) routing protocol was developed, which ensures QoS according to the different parameters for high-speed node mobility. But, it did not consider the path stability related to the node density, which also affects the routing efficiency. Hence, this paper develops a reliable and stable TA-AOMDV (RSTA-AOMDV) routing protocol that applies a new forwarding strategy to enhance the path reliability and stability for data transmission. In this protocol, every origin node relays data packets to the target in a hop-by-hop manner depending on local information gathered from its one-hop adjacent during the forwarding phase. Also, two different metrics are considered: (i) destination region selection (DRS) and (ii) weighted closeness and connectivity (WCC) to find the stable path from the source to the destination node. During the adjacent finding phase, a forwarding node self-selection mechanism is introduced to reduce the communication overhead due to the high node density and severe congestion. Finally, this protocol is simulated for 2 different cases: (1) a varying node mobility and (2) varying number of nodes. In the case of high-speed node mobility, i.e. 50m/s, the RSTA-AOMDV protocol achieves a 50.7 % packet delivery ratio (PDR), 109.4ms end-toend delay (E2E-D), 158.51Kbps throughput, 73.4 % normalized routing overhead (NRO) and 11J mean energy consumption (MEC) compared to other existing protocols. Similarly, in the case of high node densities, i.e. when the number of nodes is 100, the RSTA-AOMDV protocol achieves a 66.5 % PDR, 1485.74ms mean E2E-D, 639.7Kbps throughput, 15 % NRO and 22.7J MEC compared to the existing protocols.

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“…This further results in the improvement of the throughput and packet delivery ratio (PDR) of the network. Another multipath variant for reliable communication has been developed by Benatia et al [11] to select a better link quality path that provides stable and reliable data transmission. The protocol has considered characteristics such as energy, transmission range, and mobility of MANETs that put critical challenges for maintaining network performance.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

PRS-LD: priority-based rank selection load distribution protocol for routing in MANETs

2022

IJATEE

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Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are complex distributed network systems where nodes are selforganized & self-configured, move freely and dynamically forming temporary or arbitrary ad hoc network topologies. It has wide applications for communication in military and rescue operations. These networks behave like a supplementary form of network for the internet of things (IoT) and fifthgeneration (5G) networks. Routing is a major functionality of the network that generates paths for traveling data packets across the network. The characteristics and nature of MANETs make traditional routing protocols impractical for ad hoc networks [1].*Author for correspondence Single path routing protocols have been introduced in the literature [2, 3] under two main categories named proactive and reactive routing protocols. Proactive routing such as destination sequenced distance vector (DSDV) [4] routing protocol consumes more energy because of large routing overhead caused due to maintenance of up-to-date information in routing tables of the node in advance, whereas reactive routing protocols such as ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) and dynamic source routing (DSR) suffer from route discovery latencies arising due to the execution of route discovery phase whenever route request (RREQ) is initiated. In a view of resolving the above issues, multipath routing protocols [5] were introduced. Multipath variants of on-demand MANETs routing protocols such as ad hoc on-demand multipath distance vector (AOMDV)

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A reliable multipath routing protocol based on link quality and stability for MANETs in urban areas

Cited by 24 publications

References 29 publications

Developing multi‐path routing protocol in MANET using hybrid SM‐CSBO based on novel multi‐objective function

Developing multi‐path routing protocol in MANET using hybrid SM‐CSBO based on novel multi‐objective function

Topology Change Aware on Demand Routing Protocol for Improving Reliability and Stability of MANET

PRS-LD: priority-based rank selection load distribution protocol for routing in MANETs

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