A reliable fluorescent stain for fungi in tissue sections and clinical specimens

Holländer, Horstmar; Keilig, W; Bauer, Julia; Rothemund, Elisabeth

doi:10.1007/bf00436443

Cited by 25 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Pure cultures of A. fumigatus were obtained from milk samples and from the udder after slaughter. Pathological examination showed a marked necrotic nodular mastitis and tissue sections stained by a fluorescence technique [ 10] or with Grocott's stain revealed many branched, septate hyphae (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Case Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of a mycotoxin (gliotoxin) from a bovine udder infected withAspergillus fumigatus

Bauer¹,

Gareis²,

Bott³

et al. 1989

Med Mycol

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A bovine udder infected with Aspergillus fumigatus was analysed by physico-chemical methods (thin layer chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography and direct exposure probe--mass spectrometry) for the presence of mycotoxins. Gliotoxin, a fungal metabolite with cytotoxic and immunosuppressive properties was isolated for the first time from naturally infected tissue. The gliotoxin concentration analysed (9-2 mgkg -1 udder) was approximately 100 times higher than the concentration known to produce morphological changes of cells. Gliotoxin may play an important role in the establishment and development of an infection with A fumigatus.Aspergillus fumigatus belongs to a group of filamentous fungi which are normally saprophytes in nature (soil, plants, air). Invasive aspergillosis involving the respiratory system, central nervous system, cardiovascular system, urinary tract, genital tract, skin, bone, liver or eye of man and animals is an opportunistic infection and has been well documented, especially in immunosuppressed patients [1,5,7,8]. Various mycotoxins such as fumitremorgins, TR-2 toxin, verruculogen, tryptoquivalines, fumiclavines, gliotoxin, kojic acid, fumigatins, spinulosins, helvolic acid or fumagillin have been isolated from cultures of A. fumigatus [4] and the role of these toxic fungal metabolites as virulence factors during infection has been discussed previously [5,7,19].Recently, the production of a haemolytic toxin, ofA. fumigatus, asp-haemolysin, has been demonstrated in experimentally infected mice by immunohistochemistry [ 17].This report describes the isolation of gliotoxin, a highly cytotoxic and immunosuppressive mycotoxin [ 11,12,15], from the udder of a cow which was naturally infected with the fungus A. fumigatus.

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Section: Case Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of a mycotoxin (gliotoxin) from a bovine udder infected withAspergillus fumigatus

Bauer¹,

Gareis²,

Bott³

et al. 1989

Med Mycol

Self Cite

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“…Staining a sample concentrated by centrifugation after digestion (if appropriate) with calcofluor white added to an equal volume of 10 % potassium hydroxide improves the sensitivity of detection of fungal elements (72)(73)(74). The deposit should then be cultured on various media, including Sabouraud agar at 30~ and 37~ and incubation should be prolonged for up to three weeks (cultures for isolation of Histoplasma capsulatum require up to 12 weeks).…”

Section: Pulmonary Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guidelines for the investigation of invasive fungal infections in haematological malignancy and solid organ transplantation

Denning

Evans

Kibbler

et al. 1997

Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis.

145

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Invasive fungal infections are increasing in incidence and now affect as many as 50% of neutropenic/bone marrow transplant patients and 5 to 20% of solid organ transplant recipients. Unfortunately, many of the diagnostic tests available have a low sensitivity. The guidelines presented here have been produced by a working party of the British Society for Medical Mycology in an attempt to optimise the use of these tests. The yield of fungi from blood cultures can be increased by ensuring that at least 20 ml of blood are taken for aerobic culture, by using more than one method of blood culture, and by employing terminal subculture if continuous monitoring systems are used with a five-day incubation protocol. Skin lesions in febrile neutropenic patients should be biopsied and cultured for fungi. The detection of galactomannan in blood or urine is of value in diagnosing invasive aspergillosis only if tests are performed at least twice weekly in high-risk patients. Antigen detection tests for invasive candidiasis are less valuable. Computed tomography scanning is particularly valuable in diagnosing invasive pulmonary fungal infection when the chest radiograph is negative or shows only minimal changes. Bronchoalveolar lavage is most useful in patients with diffuse changes on computed tomography scan. The major advances in the diagnosis of invasive fungal infection in patients with haematological malignancy or solid organ transplantation have been in the use of imaging techniques, rather than in the development of new mycological methods in the routine laboratory.

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“…In recent years the fluorochromes Blankophor, Calcofluor white and Uvitex 2B were reported to specifically stain polysaccharides of fungal cell walls [19,20,[23][24][25]. When the preparation is illuminated by 400-440 nm light the fungal elements become fluorescent by emitting radia tions of longer wave length (500nm).…”

Section: Direct Examination After Staining With a Fluorochromementioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Mycological Examination in Dermatology: a Comparison of Different Methods

et al. 1989

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A reliable fluorescent stain for fungi in tissue sections and clinical specimens

Abstract: A simple and reliable staining technique is described using the fluorescent brightener Blankophor BA which binds specifically to fungal cell wall components. Potential diagnostic applications are shown.

Cited by 25 publications

References 13 publications

Isolation of a mycotoxin (gliotoxin) from a bovine udder infected withAspergillus fumigatus

Isolation of a mycotoxin (gliotoxin) from a bovine udder infected withAspergillus fumigatus

Guidelines for the investigation of invasive fungal infections in haematological malignancy and solid organ transplantation

Direct Mycological Examination in Dermatology: a Comparison of Different Methods

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