A Relatively Dry Eye During Sleep

Baum, Jules

doi:10.1097/00003226-199001000-00001

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This is probably due to a BAC overload induced by latanoprost application. With latanoprost being administered at bedtime, both the relatively dry eye condition [4] and the changes in tear film composition [35] physiologically observed during sleep should be able to amplify its BAC concentration and toxicity at the level of the ocular surface. Timolol is given twice daily, with a greater dilution of BAC concentration throughout the day, which could explain the relative lack of conjunctival deleterious effects secondary to its administration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular surface changes induced by topical application of latanoprost and timolol: a short-term study in glaucomatous patients with and without allergic conjunctivitis

Costagliola

Prete

Incorvaia

et al. 2001

Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular surface changes induced by topical application of latanoprost and timolol: a short-term study in glaucomatous patients with and without allergic conjunctivitis

Costagliola

Prete

Incorvaia

et al. 2001

Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Jules Baum in his lecture to the Castroviejo Society in 1997 expounded on the risks to the cornea posed by prolonged eyelid closure as occurs during normal sleep 9 . There is considerable evidence that tear production is reduced during sleep and the eye is in a relatively dry state 10,11 . Tear composition changes during sleep also, with a marked increase in IgA, polymorphonuclear cell recruitment and a state akin to subclinical inflammation 12 .…”

Section: Eye Closure and Sleepmentioning

confidence: 99%

The eye and sleep

McNab

2005

Clinical Exper Ophthalmology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Premature infants may fail to secrete tears at birth, depending on the degree of prematurity 24. A negligible number of tears are formed during sleep,1 25 26 in the course of which the protein pattern is also altered dramatically 27. The basal tear production, as measured by fluorophotometry from the decay of fluorescence after instillation of fluorescein solution in the eye, was found to decrease with age,28 29 to increase,26 or to show no significant correlation20 30-33 in the age range between 10 and 90 years.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Aging and the lacrimal system

Haeringen

1997

British Journal of Ophthalmology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The lacrimal system consists of the lacrimal glands, the tear film in contact with the conjunctiva and cornea, and the lacrimal drainage system through the nasolacrimal duct to the nose. In this review the age related changes in this system will be given, including tear chemistry of the tear film. Certain aspects of tear physiology change with age, such as reflex secretion by the lacrimal gland, tear volume, and tear film stability, whereas others remain more or less unchanged, such as basal tear production.The reflex secretion of tears, as measured by Schirmer's I method (without anaesthesia), decreases significantly with increasing age as already was observed by Schirmer 1 in 1903 and by many others thereafter. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] The age groups investigated mostly cover the 20-80 age range and the reduction in Schirmer values from the youngest to the oldest age group is about 70%. In contrast with these findings Xu and Tsubota 21 and Nava et al 22 failed to demonstrate the decline of the Schirmer I value with age although in both studies the numbers of subjects were large. This discrepancy is probably attributable to the acknowledged variability in the performance of the Schirmer test-that is, in the latter studies the patients were asked to blink normally after placing the Schirmer strip. It is conceivable that blinking causes an extra irritation, which in elderly people may increase reflex tearing compared with a closed eye condition, such as is employed mostly. Newborn babies secrete tears in the first 24 hours of life.23 Premature infants may fail to secrete tears at birth, depending on the degree of prematurity.24 A negligible number of tears are formed during sleep, 1 25 26 in the course of which the protein pattern is also altered dramatically. 27 The basal tear production, as measured by fluorophotometry from the decay of fluorescence after instillation of fluorescein solution in the eye, was found to decrease with age, 28 29 to increase, 26 or to show no significant correlation 20 30-33 in the age range between 10 and 90 years. The volume of tears present on the surface of the eye declines with increasing age.7 20 29 34 Wide discrepancies in the absolute values of tear flow and tear volume were found, although the investigators used the same method of fluorescein dilution. Probably the diYculty in avoiding stimulation during testing is the primary reason. Therefore, a standardised protocol for the measurement of tear turnover by fluorophotometry has been drawn up in cooperation with experts in diVerent countries of the European Union.31 Disappearance of fluorescein from the tear film after application of fluorescein in an eyedrop was found to be slower in the age group of 20-30 years compared with a group of 50-65 year olds, 35 which was ascribed to slower drainage and tear production in the older age group resulting in longer corneal contact time of the eyedrop. The increase in corneal penetration of fluorescein with advancing age 36 37 seems to be th...

show abstract

A Relatively Dry Eye During Sleep

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

Ocular surface changes induced by topical application of latanoprost and timolol: a short-term study in glaucomatous patients with and without allergic conjunctivitis

Ocular surface changes induced by topical application of latanoprost and timolol: a short-term study in glaucomatous patients with and without allergic conjunctivitis

The eye and sleep

Aging and the lacrimal system

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About