A relationship between vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, calcium levels and lactose intolerance in type 2 diabetic patients and healthy subjects

Type 1 diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy have pan-enteric prolongation of gastrointestinal transit times and an altered caecal pH profile

“…Self-reported symptoms perform only modestly in excluding lactose intolerance, although the prevalence of lactase persistency, which therefore makes lactose intolerance less likely, is relatively high given the demographics of the study population [49]. However, Rana et al have proposed that there are a number of downstream effects of lactose malabsorption in patients with diabetes, such as lower levels of serum calcium and the presence of osteoporosis, which were not present in our patient cohort, suggesting that this was not a significant confounding factor in our study [50].…”

Type 1 diabetes mellitus: Complex interplay of oxidative stress, cytokines, gastrointestinal motility and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth

“…The following exclusion criteria were applied 10 Whole battery of Ewing test was not performed in all patients to exclude autonomic neuropathy. Only those patients who had cardiac problem were made to undergo Ewing tests to exclude cardiac neuropathy and those patients were excluded.…”

Linear and Non-linear Correlations Between Serum Phosphate Level and Bone Mineral Density in Type 2 Diabetes

“…The low serum phosphate level in T2D may be due to diet control and inadequate phosphorus intake. Hyperglycemia leads to osmotic diuresis, and with the increase of urine sugar excretion, the excretion of calcium and phosphorus in the urine increases correspondingly, resulting in calcium and phosphorus loss (32,33). Poor control of glucose level will lead to large doses of insulin and transfer of phosphorus from the extracellular compartment to the intracellular compartment, which finally leads to low serum phosphate (34).…”