A Registry-Based Study on The Association between Human Salmonellosis And Routinely Collected Parameters in Michigan, 1995–2001

Arshad, M. Mokhtar; Wilkins, Melinda J.; Downes, Frances Pouch; Rahbar, Mohammad H.; Erskine, Ronald J.; Boulton, Matthew L.; Saeed, A. Mahdi

doi:10.1089/fpd.2006.48

Cited by 27 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…Over 40% of the Salmonella Typhimurium isolates from African-American cases were R-type ACSSuT in contrast to 15.7% of the isolates from Caucasian cases. While the present study and previous studies have shown Salmonella Typhimurium to be more prevalent in African-Americans (Vugia et al, 2004;Arshad et al, 2007), a difference in the proportion of R-type ACSSuT within Salmonella Typhimurium isolates by race was not expected. One study conducted in the early 1990s by Lee et al (1994) found African-Americans more likely to be infected by a resistant strain of NT Salmonella and surmised the difference was partly attributable to the Salmonella serotype as well as differences in food preferences, food preparation techniques, or cultural influences.…”

contrasting

confidence: 91%

Multidrug-Resistant NontyphoidalSalmonellain New York State's Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network Counties

Solghan

Dumas

Root

et al. 2010

Foodborne Pathogens and Disease

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With the emergence of multidrug-resistant nontyphoidal (NT) Salmonella, knowledge of resistance patterns is critical for appropriate presumptive treatment. This report describes the prevalence and trends of NT Salmonella antimicrobial susceptibility within the New York State (NYS) Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet). The NYS Department of Health, Wadsworth Center Public Health Laboratory tested all Salmonella isolates from the NYS FoodNet catchment area between May 2003 and December 2007 for antimicrobial susceptibility to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfisoxazole, tetracycline, nalidixic acid, and ciprofloxacin. Isolate susceptibility results were linked to their corresponding demographic and clinical data and analyzed. Multidrug-resistant isolates were defined as resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfisoxazole, and tetracycline (R-type ACSSuT). Antimicrobial susceptibility for 2189 FoodNet cases (98.5% of total cases) showed 79.6% pansusceptible, 6.9% R-type ACSSuT, and 13.5% resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent but not R-type ACSSuT. Four (0.2%) isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin. From 2004 to 2007, cases with R-type ACSSuT significantly decreased from 8.7% (37/424) to 4.8% (24/499) (p < 0.01). Serotypes with the highest proportion of R-type ACSSuT included Salmonella Typhimurium 17.9% (79/444), and Salmonella Newport 29.1% (51/175). Among Salmonella Typhimurium isolates, over 40% of the African-American cases (19/46) had R-type ACSSuT isolates, compared with 15.7% of the Caucasian cases (58/369) (p < 0.01). R-type ACSSuT Salmonella Typhimurium cases were hospitalized (41.8%) more frequently than pansusceptible Salmonella Typhimurium cases (24.9%), after controlling for age (p < 0.05). Length of hospitalization was not significantly different. Although R-type ACSSuT NT Salmonella has decreased since 2003 within the NYS FoodNet catchment area, monitoring resistance patterns remains important in identifying emerging resistant strains, vulnerable populations, and determining appropriate presumptive treatment regimens. The higher rate of R-type ACSSuT among the African-American cases requires further study.

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contrasting

confidence: 91%

Multidrug-Resistant NontyphoidalSalmonellain New York State's Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network Counties

Solghan

Dumas

Root

et al. 2010

Foodborne Pathogens and Disease

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“…This finding could be explained by children’s higher susceptibility to salmonellosis, which has been demonstrated by individual-level studies [29,51,52]. Risk factors associated with S. Enteritidis infections in children include international travel [53,54], riding in shopping carts and exposure to raw meat and poultry products [55], person-to-person transmission in daycare centres and in private homes [56], and contact with reptiles [54,57,58] and cats [57].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Evaluating area-level spatial clustering of SalmonellaEnteritidis infections and their socioeconomic determinants in the greater Toronto area, Ontario, Canada (2007 – 2009): a retrospective population-based ecological study

et al. 2013

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BackgroundThere have been only a few region-level ecological studies conducted in Canada investigating enteric infections in humans. Our study objectives were to 1) assess the spatial clustering of Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) human infections in the Greater Toronto Area, and 2) identify underlying area-level associations between S. Enteritidis infection rates and socioeconomic status (SES) indicators that might explain the clustering of infections.MethodsRetrospective data on S. Enteritidis infections from 2007 to 2009 were obtained from Ontario’s reportable disease surveillance database and were grouped at the forward sortation area (FSA) - level. A spatial scan statistic was employed to identify FSA-level spatial clusters of high infection rates. Negative binomial regression was used to identify FSA-level associations between S. Enteritidis infection rates and SES indicators obtained from the 2006 Census of Canada. Global Moran’s I statistic was used to evaluate the final model for residual spatial clustering.ResultsA spatial cluster that included nine neighbouring FSAs was identified in downtown Toronto. A significant positive curvilinear relationship was observed between S. Enteritidis infection rates and FSA-level average number of children at home per census family. Areas with high and areas with low average median family income had higher infection rates than FSAs with medium average median family income. Areas with a high proportion of visible minority population had lower infection rates than FSAs with a medium proportion of visible minority population. The Moran’s I statistic was not significant, indicating that no residual spatial autocorrelation was present after accounting for the SES variables in the final model.ConclusionsOur study demonstrated that FSAs with high and low average median family income, medium proportion of visible minority population, and high average number of children at home per census family had the highest S. Enteritidis infection rates. These areas should be targeted when designing disease control and prevention programs. Future studies are needed in areas with high S. Enteritidis infection rates to identify sources of environmental contamination of the local food supply, to assess food safety practices at local food markets, retail stores, and restaurants, and to identify novel individual-level risk factors.

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“…Increases in the incidence of serotypes causing gastrointestinal diseases have been reported from several countries. The reasons associated with this include an increase in multidrug-resistant strains, a change in reservoir availability, and a change in travel and food trade patterns [26,29,30,31]. It is important to know which of these factors are causing the rise in incidence of the serotype Oranienburg in Mexico.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of a food-borne Salmonella Oranienburg outbreak in a Mexican prison

Vázquez-Garcidueñas

Romero-Pérez

Figueroa-Aguilar

et al. 2014

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Gastroenteritis outbreaks in prisons represent a public health risk worldwide. Identifying and characterizing the etiological agents of gastroenteritis outbreaks in prisons is important for implementing effective prevention and infection control measures. We present the first studied case of a gastroenteritis outbreak in a Mexican prison. Methodology: Rectal swab samples were obtained from affected inmates. Standard microbiological techniques were used for isolating Salmonella enterica. Isolates were typed by PCR assays of DNA repetitive elements (ERIC, BOX, REP) and RAPD. Antibiotic resistance profiles were performed by the Kirby-Bauer method. Results: S. enterica serotype Oranienburg was responsible for the outbreak affecting 150 inmates. All patients presented diarrhea, and 70% of them also presented vomiting, with no fatal cases. The origin of the outbreak was undetermined due to the difficulty of gathering epidemiological information, but was likely the result of consumption of shrimp broth or a cantaloupe melon beverage. REP, BOX, and ERIC analyses of 26 serotype Oranienburg strains resulted in Simpson discrimination index (D) values of 0, 0.5507, and 0.5661, respectively. The D values from DG93-RAPD analyses and from the combined ERIC-BOX-DG93 markers were 0.7753 and 0.6092, respectively. All strains showed multiresistance to antibiotics. Conclusions: This is the only studied case of a gastroenteritis outbreak in a Mexican prison, and of the first such outbreak caused by serotype Oranienburg. The combined ERIC, BOX, and RAPD markers adequately assessed the genotype diversity of analyzed strains. Penitentiary personnel or inmates involved in outbreaks might spread multiresistant strains outside of the facility.

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A Registry-Based Study on The Association between Human Salmonellosis And Routinely Collected Parameters in Michigan, 1995–2001

Cited by 27 publications

References 20 publications

Multidrug-Resistant NontyphoidalSalmonellain New York State's Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network Counties

Multidrug-Resistant NontyphoidalSalmonellain New York State's Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network Counties

Evaluating area-level spatial clustering of SalmonellaEnteritidis infections and their socioeconomic determinants in the greater Toronto area, Ontario, Canada (2007 – 2009): a retrospective population-based ecological study

Investigation of a food-borne Salmonella Oranienburg outbreak in a Mexican prison

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