A refined method for analysis of 4,4′-dicofol and 4,4′-dichlorobenzophenone

Abstract

The acaricide, dicofol, is a well-known pesticide and partly a substitute for dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). Only few reports on environmental occurrence and concentrations have been reported calling for improvements. Hence, an analytical method was further developed for dicofol and dichlorobenzophenone (DCBP) to enable assessments of their environmental occurrence. Concentrated sulfuric acid was used to remove lipids and to separate dicofol from DCBP. On-column injection was used as an alternative to splitless injection to protect dicofol from thermal decomposition. By the method presented herein, it is possible to quantify dicofol and DCBP in the same samples. Arctic cod (Gadus morhua) were spiked at two dose levels and the recoveries were determined. The mean recovery for dicofol was 65% at the low dose (1 ng) and 77% at the high dose (10 ng). The mean recovery for DCBP was 99% at the low dose (9.2 ng) and 146% at the high dose (46 ng). The method may be further improved by use of another lipid removal method, e.g., gel permeation chromatography. The method implies a step forward in dicofol environmental assessments.

Fluorescence-Based Sensing of Pesticides Using Supramolecular Chemistry

“…Replacements for the use of DDT focused on a variety of other halogenated small molecules (Figure 1, Category II), including dicofol (Yin et al, 2017), dieldrin, heptachlor, chlordane, and mirex (Varnosfaderany et al, 2020). Although these compounds maintained high efficacy against a variety of pests, they were nonetheless abandoned due to their high toxicity (Martyniuk et al, 2020), including suspected genotoxic damage to children (Anguiano-Vega et al, 2020), and suspected carcinogenic effects (Suarez-Torres et al, 2020).…”

Uptake and depuration kinetics of dicofol metabolite 4,4′-dichlorobenzophenone, in the edible Asiatic clam Meretrix meretrix

“…sis at 20°C and pH 7)-4,4′-dichlorobenzophenone (DCBP) is the main metabolite and probably the most available form in surface waters (Fujii et al, 2011;Thiel et al, 2011;Yin et al, 2017;FOOT-PRINT PPDB). In fact, 4,4′-DCBP, was quantified in surface waters (2.79-29.87 ng/L) from the mouth of the Pearl River Delta in a previous study (Ivorra et al, 2019).…”