A red light‐activable Mn^I(CO)₃‐functionalized gold nanocomposite as the anticancer prodrug with theranostic potential

Abstract

The controlled and target-specific release of CO to a target site upon photoactivation has recently emerged as a promising tool for targeted anticancer activity. However, the present CO-releasing molecules (CORMs) suffer several limitations, including poor delivery to the tumor site. In this study, we reported the synthesis, characterization, and caspase 3/7-dependent apoptosis (IC 50 : 232 μg ml −1 or 29.03 nM) in A549 cells by manganese(I) carbonylfunctionalized gold nanoparticles (1-AuNPs) on dual photosensitization in red light (600-720 nm, 30 J cm −2). The 1-AuNPs, however, remained nontoxic to A549 cells in the dark. The Mn(I)-CO complex (1) exhibited photocytotoxicity (IC 50 : 38.1 μM in red light; IC 50 : 88 μM in dark) as well. Dual photosensitization with red light leading to rapid, synergic CO release and singlet oxygen (1 O 2) generation were the principal mechanism for the photocytotoxicity, which was studied in detail. Photoactivated CO release resulted in TURN-ON luminescence in A549 cells and renders the hybrid 1-AuNPs an ideal, nextgeneration nanotheranostic agent. K E Y W O R D S "TURN-ON" fluorescence in vitro on photo-induced CO release, dual photosensitization, manganese(I) carbonyl-functionalized gold nanoparticles, red light-induced CO release and singlet oxygen (1 O 2) generation, remarkable photocytotoxicity in red light

Multicomponent Self-Assembly of Diaminobenzoquinonato-Bridged Manganese(I) Metallosupramolecular Rectangles: Host–Guest Interactions, Anticancer Activity, and Visible-Light-Induced CO Releasing Studies

“…The morphological study of control and 7 incubated cells showed round dead cells further shrinkage, and floating cells (Figure a). The formation of membrane blebs, loss of its ability to attach and characteristics changes indicate that apoptosis might be the cause of cell death . , The AO/EB staining showed live cells that green fluoresce, whereas, the dead cells were orange fluoresce because of ethidium bromide (Figure b). The possible source behind the anti-proliferative activity of these metallorectangles is owing to CO release or its inherent nature.…”

Iron(III) Complex-Functionalized Gold Nanocomposite as a Strategic Tool for Targeted Photochemotherapy in Red Light

“…Rose bengal (the refs , generator) was the most efficient candidate for photosensitized generation of singlet oxygen. The slope also indicated that the singlet-oxygen generation efficacy of the nanocomposite, 1 -AuNPs, was comparable to that of rose bengal, with singlet oxygen quantum yield (ϕ), 0.59, referencing that of rose bengal (ϕ, 0.76) . The gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) also had the potential of generating 1 O 2 with singlet oxygen quantum yield (ϕ), 0.15.…”

“…The slope also indicated that the singlet-oxygen generation efficacy of the nanocomposite, 1-AuNPs, was comparable to that of rose bengal, with singlet oxygen quantum yield (ϕ), 0.59, referencing that of rose bengal (ϕ, 0.76). 92 The gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) also had the potential of generating 1 O 2 with singlet oxygen quantum yield (ϕ), 0.15. Complex 1, however, did not exhibit any significant singlet-oxygen generation efficacy on photoactivation.…”

La(iii)–curcumin-functionalized gold nanocomposite as a red light-activatable mitochondria-targeting PDT agent

“…The ligand (L 1 ) was synthesized as per the literature protocol 77 and characterized using Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) and 1 H and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies; high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS); and highpressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), before complexation (ESI †).…”

“…The synthesized disulphide-based ligand 6-(1,2-dithiolan-3-yl)-N-(1,10-phenanthrolin-5-yl)hexanamide (L 1 ) 77 was characterized by FT-IR, 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopies, and HR-MS, and HPLC (HPLC) (Fig. S1-S5 †).…”