A recombinant DNA‐satellite associated with Pepper yellow leaf curl Indonesia virus in highland area

Abstract

Yellow curl disease caused by begomovirus is a major threat for horticulture in Indonesia. Control mea‐ sures for the disease face several constraints, one of which is the association between begomovirus and DNA satellites which can affect the severity of symptoms. In this study, we detected the presence of a DNA satellite associated with begomovirus in a highland area. The sample was obtained from Ketep, Magelang, located approximately 1400 meters above sea level. Begomovirus was detected using primers PAL1V1978/PAR1C715 that resulted in an amplicon of ap‐ proximately 1600bp. The presence of this satellite was detected using primers CLB36F/CLB37R, resulting in full‐length satellite genome of approximately 1300bp. Sequence analysis showed the sample was infected by Pepper yellow leaf curl Indonesia virus (PepYLCIV) and a non‐coding satellite which resembled some characteristics of common betasatellites with imperfect putative ORF βC1. SimPlot analysis revealed the recombination event between betasatellites and DNA‐B of PepYLCIV. The satellite found in this study is thought to be the result of recombination due to multiple infections in plants.

Vegetation index value on chili leaves with symptoms of geminivirus disease (case study in Konda district, Konawe Selatan regency, Southeast Sulawesi)

“…In addition, plants without virus symptoms were also found in the same planting area. It is suspected that satellite DNA accompanies Geminivirus infection [9] in red curly chili plants, which has the potential to cause variations in the expression of virus symptoms, even without symptoms.…”

“…Based on visual observations, plant images with severe symptoms (A4) received the highest average NDVI value, followed by mild symptoms (A2), compared to the no-symptom category. Many things are thought to be the cause of this phenomenon, including the presence of satellite DNA [9], the phenomenon of plant recovery from an expression of viral symptoms (recovery) caused by environmental temperature factors [7], and the activity of RNA silencing [7,16], type infections. Infection with other viruses expressing similar symptoms and mixed infections with other viruses can affect symptoms' expression [8] or limit human visual abilities [6].…”

“…Fatigue when making observations, subjectivity in assessment [6], and expression of disease symptoms that are sometimes not visible due to environmental factors [7]. The complexity of symptoms due to interactions between viruses [5,8], the presence of DNA satellites that can affect the expression of symptoms [9], and the degree of plant resistance are some of the limiting factors in the application of visual observation-based assessment methods to the human eye.…”

Control of Pepper yellow leaf curl Indonesia virus and Its Vector (Bemisia tabaci Genn.) on Chili Plants (Capsicum annum L.) Using Resistant Variety and Insecticide Application

“…One of the most damaging diseases of chili in Indonesia is chili yellow leaf curl disease caused by Pepper yellow leaf curl Indonesia virus (PepYLCIV) [1]. Chili yellow leaf curl disease has become an endemic disease in chili plantations in many parts of Indonesia [2].…”

Begomovirus Associated with Yellow Mosaic Symptom on Eggplant Plant in Bengkulu

“…Daun muda bergejala diambil sebanyak lima lembar, selanjutnya daun dimasukkan ke dalam kantung plastik dan disimpan pada suhu -20 ℃ sebelum diekstraksi DNA totalnya. (Kon et al 2006(Kon et al dan 2007Kandito et al 2019Kandito et al , 2020Kandito et al , 2021. Analisis sikuen DNA dengan program BLAST menunjukkan Begomovirus isolat terung dari Bengkulu memiliki similaritas yang tinggi, sekitar 99% terhadap Tomato yellow leaf curl Kanchanaburi virus (TYLCKaV) asal Indonesia, Malaysia dan Thailand (Tabel 1).…”