A Reciprocation‐Based Economy for Multiple Services in a Computational Grid

Andrade, Nazareno; Brasileiro, Francisco; Mowbray, Miranda; Cirne, Walfredo

doi:10.1002/9780470455432.ch16

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…For the following experiments we assume an average Facebook user has 130 friends. 3 Unless otherwise stated these experiments are run on a single server running Windows Vista with a 2.2 GHz Dual Core processor and 2 GB memory.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A Social Cloud, therefore, is a scalable computing model in which virtualized resources contributed by users are dynamically provisioned amongst a group of friends. Compensation for use is optional as users may wish to share resources without payment, and rather utilize a reciprocal credit (or barter) based model [3]. In both cases guarantees are offered through customized SLAs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Social Cloud: Cloud Computing in Social Networks

Chard

Caton

Rana

et al. 2010

2010 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Cloud Computing

162

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With the increasingly ubiquitous nature of Social networks and Cloud computing, users are starting to explore new ways to interact with, and exploit these developing paradigms. Social networks are used to reflect real world relationships that allow users to share information and form connections between one another, essentially creating dynamic Virtual Organizations. We propose leveraging the pre-established trust formed through friend relationships within a Social network to form a dynamic "Social Cloud", enabling friends to share resources within the context of a Social network. We believe that combining trust relationships with suitable incentive mechanisms (through financial payments or bartering) could provide much more sustainable resource sharing mechanisms. This paper outlines our vision of, and experiences with, creating a Social Storage Cloud, looking specifically at possible market mechanisms that could be used to create a dynamic Cloud infrastructure in a Social network environment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Cloud: Cloud Computing in Social Networks

Chard

Caton

Rana

et al. 2010

2010 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Cloud Computing

162

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“…In our setting, the balance of past interactions among the peers is calculated according to the extended NoF [2]. We define Bal t i (k) as the peer i's balance in relation to peer k, in the turn t, given by:…”

Section: B System Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This scheduling process has been often done using two approaches: market-based and sharing-based [2]. Market-based approaches have been used in many systems [3], [4], [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the impact of choice in multi-service P2P grids

Coêlho

Ditarso

Figueiredo

et al. 2008

2008 3rd IEEE/IFIP International Workshop on Business-Driven IT Management

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In this paper we consider a peer-to-peer grid system which provides multiple services to its users. In this system, an incentive mechanism promotes collaboration among peers. It has been shown that the use of a reciprocation mechanism in such a system is able to prevent free riding and, at the same time, promotes the clustering of peers that have mutually profitable interactions. However, when peers are subject to a budget limitation, each peer must select a subset of all services that can possibly be offered. In this work we show that the received utility is strongly dependent of the offered services. The main contributions of this work are a methodology to evaluate the impact of service changes in the obtained utility and how much different sets of offered services impact in the peer's utility. These results indicate that further research is needed, particularly for the development of heuristics to choose the best services to offer.

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“…Using Facebook credits providers would be rewarded with real currency for contributing resources to the system. There is also potential to use different types of economies, for example a reciprocation economy [263] which is analogous to car pooling is well suited to sharing resources in a Social Cloud. In such a model peers decide who to donate resources to based on local history, for instance previous interactions with peers.…”

Section: Social Cloudmentioning

confidence: 99%

DRIVE: A Distributed Economic Meta-Scheduler for the Federation of Grid and Cloud Systems

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<p>The computational landscape is littered with islands of disjoint resource providers including commercial Clouds, private Clouds, national Grids, institutional Grids, clusters, and data centers. These providers are independent and isolated due to a lack of communication and coordination, they are also often proprietary without standardised interfaces, protocols, or execution environments. The lack of standardisation and global transparency has the effect of binding consumers to individual providers. With the increasing ubiquity of computation providers there is an opportunity to create federated architectures that span both Grid and Cloud computing providers effectively creating a global computing infrastructure. In order to realise this vision, secure and scalable mechanisms to coordinate resource access are required. This thesis proposes a generic meta-scheduling architecture to facilitate federated resource allocation in which users can provision resources from a range of heterogeneous (service) providers. Efficient resource allocation is difficult in large scale distributed environments due to the inherent lack of centralised control. In a Grid model, local resource managers govern access to a pool of resources within a single administrative domain but have only a local view of the Grid and are unable to collaborate when allocating jobs. Meta-schedulers act at a higher level able to submit jobs to multiple resource managers, however they are most often deployed on a per-client basis and are therefore concerned with only their allocations, essentially competing against one another. In a federated environment the widespread adoption of utility computing models seen in commercial Cloud providers has re-motivated the need for economically aware meta-schedulers. Economies provide a way to represent the different goals and strategies that exist in a competitive distributed environment. The use of economic allocation principles effectively creates an open service market that provides efficient allocation and incentives for participation. The major contributions of this thesis are the architecture and prototype implementation of the DRIVE meta-scheduler. DRIVE is a Virtual Organisation (VO) based distributed economic metascheduler in which members of the VO collaboratively allocate services or resources. Providers joining the VO contribute obligation services to the VO. These contributed services are in effect membership “dues” and are used in the running of the VOs operations – for example allocation, advertising, and general management. DRIVE is independent from a particular class of provider (Service, Grid, or Cloud) or specific economic protocol. This independence enables allocation in federated environments composed of heterogeneous providers in vastly different scenarios. Protocol independence facilitates the use of arbitrary protocols based on specific requirements and infrastructural availability. For instance, within a single organisation where internal trust exists, users can achieve maximum allocation performance by choosing a simple economic protocol. In a global utility Grid no such trust exists. The same meta-scheduler architecture can be used with a secure protocol which ensures the allocation is carried out fairly in the absence of trust. DRIVE establishes contracts between participants as the result of allocation. A contract describes individual requirements and obligations of each party. A unique two stage contract negotiation protocol is used to minimise the effect of allocation latency. In addition due to the co-op nature of the architecture and the use of secure privacy preserving protocols, DRIVE can be deployed in a distributed environment without requiring large scale dedicated resources. This thesis presents several other contributions related to meta-scheduling and open service markets. To overcome the perceived performance limitations of economic systems four high utilisation strategies have been developed and evaluated. Each strategy is shown to improve occupancy, utilisation and profit using synthetic workloads based on a production Grid trace. The gRAVI service wrapping toolkit is presented to address the difficulty web enabling existing applications. The gRAVI toolkit has been extended for this thesis such that it creates economically aware (DRIVE-enabled) services that can be transparently traded in a DRIVE market without requiring developer input. The final contribution of this thesis is the definition and architecture of a Social Cloud – a dynamic Cloud computing infrastructure composed of virtualised resources contributed by members of a Social network. The Social Cloud prototype is based on DRIVE and highlights the ease in which dynamic DRIVE markets can be created and used in different domains.</p>

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A Reciprocation‐Based Economy for Multiple Services in a Computational Grid

Cited by 9 publications

References 22 publications

Social Cloud: Cloud Computing in Social Networks

Social Cloud: Cloud Computing in Social Networks

On the impact of choice in multi-service P2P grids

DRIVE: A Distributed Economic Meta-Scheduler for the Federation of Grid and Cloud Systems

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