A reassessment of the genome size–invasiveness relationship in reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea)

Martinez, Megan A; Baack, Eric J.; Hovick, Stephen M.; Whitney, Kenneth D.

doi:10.1093/aob/mcy028

Cited by 9 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…In our previous research (Pyšek et al, ), an intercontinental comparison of native and invasive populations of common reed ( Phragmites australis ), we revealed a distinct relationship between genome size and invasiveness at the intraspecific level, similar to that reported for Phalaris arundinacea (Lavergne et al, , but see Martinez, Baack, Hovick, & Whitney, ). For P. australis , monoploid genome size (i.e., the amount of DNA in one chromosome set of an organism that, unlike the holoploid genome size, varies independently of ploidy level; Suda et al, ) was the only significant variable that clearly separated the North American native plants from those of European origin.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Besides the primary test of competitive relationships between these three groups, performed in standardized conditions of a temperate common garden, we focused on cytological characteristics of individual populations. We hypothesized that populations with small genomes would be more competitive as this trait was shown to be associated with invasiveness (Pyšek et al, ; Suda et al, ) in P. australis and in another grass, Phalaris arundinacea (Lavergne et al, , but see Martinez et al, , who recently questioned the results of that study). Further, high ploidies are known to be competitively superior over low ploidy levels (Pandit et al, ; te Beest et al, ); hence, we hypothesized that tetraploids will be competitively weaker than hexa‐ and octoploids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Pyšek et al, 2018;Suda et al, 2015) in P. australis and in another grass, Phalaris arundinacea(Lavergne et al, 2010, but seeMartinez et al, 2018, who recently questioned the results of that study). Further, high ploidies are known to be competitively superiorF I G U R E 3 (A) Clone shoot biomass in relation to status (NA-invasive, NA-native, EU-native) and genome size of the competitor.…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

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Competition among native and invasive Phragmites australis populations: An experimental test of the effects of invasion status, genome size, and ploidy level

Pyšek

Čuda

Šmilauer

et al. 2020

Ecology and Evolution

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Among the traits whose relevance for plant invasions has recently been suggested are genome size (the amount of nuclear DNA) and ploidy level. So far, research on the role of genome size in invasiveness has been mostly based on indirect evidence by comparing species with different genome sizes, but how karyological traits influence competition at the intraspecific level remains unknown. We addressed these questions in a common‐garden experiment evaluating the outcome of direct intraspecific competition among 20 populations of Phragmites australis, represented by clones collected in North America and Europe, and differing in their status (native and invasive), genome size (small and large), and ploidy levels (tetraploid, hexaploid, or octoploid). Each clone was planted in competition with one of the others in all possible combinations with three replicates in 45‐L pots. Upon harvest, the identity of 21 shoots sampled per pot was revealed by flow cytometry and DNA analysis. Differences in performance were examined using relative proportions of shoots of each clone, ratios of their aboveground biomass, and relative yield total (RYT). The performance of the clones in competition primarily depended on the clone status (native vs. invasive). Measured in terms of shoot number or aboveground biomass, the strongest signal observed was that North American native clones always lost in competition to the other two groups. In addition, North American native clones were suppressed by European natives to a similar degree as by North American invasives. North American invasive clones had the largest average shoot biomass, but only by a limited, nonsignificant difference due to genome size. There was no effect of ploidy on competition. Since the North American invaders of European origin are able to outcompete the native North American clones, we suggest that their high competitiveness acts as an important driver in the early stages of their invasion.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

mentioning

confidence: 94%

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Competition among native and invasive Phragmites australis populations: An experimental test of the effects of invasion status, genome size, and ploidy level

Pyšek

Čuda

Šmilauer

et al. 2020

Ecology and Evolution

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“…It is also reported that plant genome sizes have some impact on plant invasiveness [34]. However, contradicting evidence has been manifested for some species like Phalaris arundinacea, where genome sizes bear little correlation with either growth rates or invasive and native range accessions [35]. These results suggest that the relationships between genome sizes and phenotypic traits vary with species.…”

Section: Association Of Genome Size With Fruit Phenotype In Chinese Jmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome Size Variation within Species of Chinese Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) and Its Wild Ancestor Sour Jujube (Z. acidojujuba Cheng et Liu)

Li-hu

Luo

Liu

et al. 2019

Forests

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One of the most important attributes of a genome is genome size, which can to a large extent reflect the evolutionary history and diversity of a plant species. However, studies on genome size diversity within a species are still very limited. This study aims to clarify the variation in genome sizes of Chinese jujube and sour jujube, and to characterize if there exists an association between genome sizes and geographical variation. We measured the genome sizes of 301 cultivars of Chinese jujube and 81 genotypes of sour jujube by flow cytometry. Ten fruit traits, including weight, vertical diameter, horizontal diameter, size, total acids, total sugar, monosaccharide, disaccharide, soluble solids, and ascorbic acid were measured in 243 cultivars of Chinese jujube. The estimated genome sizes of Chinese jujube cultivars ranged from 300.77 Mb to 640.94 Mb, with an average of 408.54 Mb, with the highest number of cultivars (20.93%) falling in the range of 334.787 to 368.804 Mb. The genome size is somewhat different with geographical distribution. The results showed weakly significant positive correlation (p < 0.05) between genome size and fruit size, vertical diameter, horizontal diameter, and weight in the Chinese jujube. The estimated sour jujube genome sizes ranged from 346.93 Mb to 489.44 Mb, with the highest number of genotypes (24.69%) falling in the range of 418.185 to 432.436 Mb. The average genome size of sour jujube genotypes is 423.55 Mb, 15 Mb larger than that of Chinese jujube. There exists a high level of variation in genome sizes within both Chinese jujube cultivars and sour jujube genotypes. Genome contraction may have been occurred during the domestication of Chinese jujube. This study is the first large-scale investigation of genome size variation in both Chinese jujube and sour jujube, which has provided useful resources and data for the characterization of genome evolution within a species and during domestication in plants.

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“…The apparent association of hybridization or increased ploidy with traits that appear to impart invasiveness may not reflect causal linkages. Detecting these linkages may be challenging since traits with high adaptive potential at one life stage could be deleterious either at another life stage or under diverse environmental conditions (Suda et al 2015;Martinez et al 2018). Ploidy level and hybridization are both known to affect cell size and biomass (Bashir et al 2014;Corneillie et al 2019;Wu et al 2019), as well as changes in seed weight and size, suggesting that each could play a role in vegetative and reproductive trait variation (Song & Chen, 2015).…”

Section: Contribution Of Hybridization and Polyploidy To Invasive Potmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetics and the success of invasive plants

Mounger

Aïnouche

Bossdorf

et al. 2021

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Biological invasions impose ecological and economic problems on a global scale, but also provide extraordinary opportunities for studying contemporary evolution. It is critical to understand the evolutionary processes that underly invasion success in order to successfully manage existing invaders, and to prevent future invasions. As successful invasive species sometimes are suspected to rapidly adjust to their new environments in spite of very low genetic diversity, we are obliged to re-evaluate genomic-level processes that translate into phenotypic diversity. In this paper, we review work that supports the idea that trait variation, within and among invasive populations, can be created through epigenetic or other non-genetic processes, particularly in clonal invaders where somatic changes can persist indefinitely. We consider several processes that have been implicated as adaptive in invasion success, focusing on various forms of ‘genomic shock’ resulting from exposure to environmental stress, hybridization and whole-genome duplication (polyploidy), and leading to various patterns of gene expression re-programming and epigenetic changes that contribute to phenotypic variation or even novelty. These mechanisms can contribute to transgressive phenotypes, including hybrid vigour and novel traits, and may thus help to understand the huge successes of some plant invaders, especially those that are genetically impoverished. This article is part of the theme issue ‘How does epigenetics influence the course of evolution?’

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A reassessment of the genome size–invasiveness relationship in reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea)

Cited by 9 publications

References 68 publications

Competition among native and invasive Phragmites australis populations: An experimental test of the effects of invasion status, genome size, and ploidy level

Competition among native and invasive Phragmites australis populations: An experimental test of the effects of invasion status, genome size, and ploidy level

Genome Size Variation within Species of Chinese Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) and Its Wild Ancestor Sour Jujube (Z. acidojujuba Cheng et Liu)

Epigenetics and the success of invasive plants

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