Abstract:The key biological thiol, cysteine (Cys), which can participate in many physiological and pathological processes in the human body, has also been proofed to have considerable effects on redox homeostasis...
“…Cysteine (Cys), a molecule with significant implications in various physiological and pathological processes within body, has been established to exert substantial influence over redox balance and the modulation of in vivo cellular activities. Liu and coworkers synthesized a ratiometric probe 19 (Abs at 457 nm/Em at 568 nm) to detect Cys [45] . Probe 19 employs a pair of identical isophorone malononitrile structures as its fluorophores, with an acrylate moiety serving as the recognition group.…”
Section: Fluorescent Probes For Osteoblastsmentioning
The skeleton plays a crucial role in human health. Comprehensive and non‐invasive visualization of the bone is in high demand to detect bone‐related diseases. Clinically, traditional imaging methods still suffer from poor imaging sensitivity, long capture time, and inevitable ionizing radiation and are inadequate for providing real‐time spatial information regarding cellular activity. Recently, various new imaging techniques that utilize different kinds of probes have been developed for improving the clinical detection of bone. In vivo imaging of bone can help to continuously detect bone metabolism and growth, diagnose bone metastases, visualize medication delivery to bones, and even image‐guided surgery. This review aims to summarize and discuss the latest published fluorescent probes for the accurate detection of bone. First, we will provide the general design principle of bone remodelling imaging probes and describe various bone‐targeting moieties, highlighting the signal moieties, targeting ligands, and physicochemical properties of the bone‐specific probes. Next, we will discuss the potential targeted fluorescent probes for the sensitive and accurate detection of bone remodelling in recent years. Finally, we summarize and present our perspectives on future advances in this field. We believe this review will encourage novel ideas for the design and development of smart bone‐targeting probes for bone imaging, drug screening, image‐guided surgery, and evaluation of therapeutic effects.
“…Cysteine (Cys), a molecule with significant implications in various physiological and pathological processes within body, has been established to exert substantial influence over redox balance and the modulation of in vivo cellular activities. Liu and coworkers synthesized a ratiometric probe 19 (Abs at 457 nm/Em at 568 nm) to detect Cys [45] . Probe 19 employs a pair of identical isophorone malononitrile structures as its fluorophores, with an acrylate moiety serving as the recognition group.…”
Section: Fluorescent Probes For Osteoblastsmentioning
The skeleton plays a crucial role in human health. Comprehensive and non‐invasive visualization of the bone is in high demand to detect bone‐related diseases. Clinically, traditional imaging methods still suffer from poor imaging sensitivity, long capture time, and inevitable ionizing radiation and are inadequate for providing real‐time spatial information regarding cellular activity. Recently, various new imaging techniques that utilize different kinds of probes have been developed for improving the clinical detection of bone. In vivo imaging of bone can help to continuously detect bone metabolism and growth, diagnose bone metastases, visualize medication delivery to bones, and even image‐guided surgery. This review aims to summarize and discuss the latest published fluorescent probes for the accurate detection of bone. First, we will provide the general design principle of bone remodelling imaging probes and describe various bone‐targeting moieties, highlighting the signal moieties, targeting ligands, and physicochemical properties of the bone‐specific probes. Next, we will discuss the potential targeted fluorescent probes for the sensitive and accurate detection of bone remodelling in recent years. Finally, we summarize and present our perspectives on future advances in this field. We believe this review will encourage novel ideas for the design and development of smart bone‐targeting probes for bone imaging, drug screening, image‐guided surgery, and evaluation of therapeutic effects.
“…In contrast to single-intensity based methods, the ratiometric approach can quantitatively scrutinize the alteration in the level of physiological parameters, extending the applicability of the ratiometric probes to in vivo investigation of the origin and evolution of chronic diseases. The fast advances in nanomaterials development have enabled state-of-art in vivo ratiometric bioimaging of endogenous biological targets such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), , reactive nitrogen species (RNS), − reactive sulfur species (RSS), − derivations of amino acids, − ions, , etc . − However, there is still ample room to obtain more satisfactory results from most of these nanosystems either by manipulating the constituents of the probes to improve the imaging performance or minimizing the inevitable interference of environmental factors on the output signal.…”
Lesion areas are distinguished from normal tissues surrounding
them by distinct physiological characteristics. These features serve
as biological hallmarks with which targeted biomedical imaging of
the lesion sites can be achieved. Although tremendous efforts have
been devoted to providing smart imaging probes with the capability
of visualizing the physiological hallmarks at the molecular level,
the majority of them are merely able to derive anatomical information
from the tissues of interest, and thus are not suitable for taking
part in in vivo quantification of the biomarkers.
Recent advances in chemical construction of advanced ratiometric nanoprobes
(RNPs) have enabled a horizon for quantitatively monitoring the biological
abnormalities in vivo. In contrast to the conventional
probes whose dependency of output on single-signal profiles restricts
them from taking part in quantitative practices, RNPs are designed
to provide information in two channels, affording a self-calibration
opportunity to exclude the analyte-independent factors from the outputs
and address the issue. Most of the conventional RNPs have encountered
several challenges regarding the reliability and sufficiency of the
obtained data for high-performance imaging. In this Review, we have
summarized the recent progresses in developing highly advanced RNPs
with the capabilities of deriving maximized information from the lesion
areas of interest as well as adapting themselves to the complex biological
systems in order to minimize microenvironmental-induced falsified
signals. To provide a better outlook on the current advanced RNPs,
nanoprobes based on optical, photoacoustic, and magnetic resonance
imaging modalities for visualizing a wide range of analytes such as
pH, reactive species, and different derivations of amino acids have
been included. Furthermore, the physicochemical properties of the
RNPs, the major constituents of the nanosystems and the analyte recognition
mechanisms have been introduced. Moreover, the alterations in the
values of the ratiometric signal in response to the analyte of interest
as well as the time at which the highest value is achieved, have been
included for most of RNPs discussed in this Review. Finally, the challenges
as well as future perspectives in the field are discussed.
“…15 In comparison, fluorescent probes generally exhibit great merits of simplicity, sensitivity, fast-response, minimal damage to samples, and real-time monitoring of various biological analytes in living organisms, thus offering a promising method for FA detection. [16][17][18][19][20] Recently, several activity-based FA fluorescent probes have been developed based on the strong electrophilicity of FA, which allows its reactivity with a variety of nucleophiles to result in fluorescent responses. The examples mainly include (i) the condensation reaction of amine (-NH 2 ) or (ii) hydrazine (-NHNH 2 ) with FA to form the formimine, [21][22][23] and (iii) the 2-aza-Cope rearrangement reaction of the homoallylic amine with FA and subsequent fragmentation to yield the aldehyde or phenol residue (Scheme 1a).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…15 In comparison, fluorescent probes generally exhibit great merits of simplicity, sensitivity, fast-response, minimal damage to samples, and real-time monitoring of various biological analytes in living organisms, thus offering a promising method for FA detection. 16–20…”
A two-photon excited fluorescent probe CMB-1 has been rationally developed for the detection and regeneration of formaldehyde based on a novel nucleophilic addition of a secondary amine to FA and...
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