A rat model of nerve stimulator-guided brachial plexus blockade

Zhang, Yanzi; Cui, Bo; Gong, Chunyu; Tang, Yanjuan; Zhou, Jianxiong; He, Yong; Liu, Jin; Yang, Jing

doi:10.1177/0023677218779608

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…While each deafferentation type was designed to remove sensory input from the entire forelimb at the level of the brachial plexus, it is likely that the larger area of reorganization observed within the FBS in rAMP rats was related to the extent of the deafferentation where the entire forelimb was removed. In some rBPnc rats, small nerve branches may have been inadvertently spared during transection, and in rBPA rats, infiltration of the nerve block may have been incomplete although the location of the injection site(s) on the skin surface, injection depth, and the volume of blocker were identical to a previous report (Zhang et al., 2019). Thus, a relationship likely exists between the extent of the deafferentation and the resulting areal size of the lower jaw reorganization in the FBS.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…The left forelimb was extended, and the hair on the subclavicular skin region was removed with depilatory cream. We used a marker pen to label a target site on the skin (0.7 cm caudal to the lateral one‐third of the clavicle) for injection of anesthetic (Zhang et al., 2019). The skin was punctured with a 25‐gauge needle attached to a 5‐cc syringe containing 2% lidocaine.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lower jaw‐to‐forepaw rapid and delayed reorganization in the rat forepaw barrel subfield in primary somatosensory cortex

Pellicer-Morata

Wang

Curry

et al. 2023

J of Comparative Neurology

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We used the forepaw barrel subfield (FBS), that normally receives input from the forepaw skin surface, in rat primary somatosensory cortex as a model system to study rapid and delayed lower jaw‐to‐forepaw cortical reorganization. Single and multi‐unit recording from FBS neurons was used to examine the FBS for the presence of “new” lower jaw input following deafferentations that include forelimb amputation, brachial plexus nerve cut, and brachial plexus anesthesia. The major findings are as follows: (1) immediately following forelimb deafferentations, new input from the lower jaw becomes expressed in the anterior FBS; (2) 7–27 weeks after forelimb amputation, new input from the lower jaw is expressed in both anterior and posterior FBS; (3) evoked response latencies recorded in the deafferented FBS following electrical stimulation of the lower jaw skin surface are significantly longer in both rapid and delayed deafferents compared to control latencies for input from the forepaw to reach the FBS or for input from lower jaw to reach the LJBSF; (4) the longer latencies suggest that an additional relay site is imposed along the somatosensory pathway for lower jaw input to access the deafferented FBS. We conclude that different sources of input and different mechanisms underlie rapid and delayed reorganization in the FBS and suggest that these findings are relevant, as an initial step, for developing a rodent animal model to investigate phantom limb phenomena.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower jaw‐to‐forepaw rapid and delayed reorganization in the rat forepaw barrel subfield in primary somatosensory cortex

Pellicer-Morata

Wang

Curry

et al. 2023

J of Comparative Neurology

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“…The anatomical and morphometric study of the PB of rats is little explored and lacks investigations to support better research in the experimental field. This contrasts with human anatomy, which has extensive studies on the normality variation related to the plexus 6 – 10 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The rat PB is considered a viable model in the area of microsurgical experimentation, especially due to its similarity to the human PB 4 – 8 with structural and functional equivalence in several systems 4 , 5 . For this reason, it serves the purpose of researchers who seek explanations in the experimental field for relevant phenomena observed in humans 9 , 10 , mainly when new techniques are to be used to develop basic and advanced research, especially when studying the nerve under magnification 11 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomorphometry of the brachial plexus under high-definition system: an experimental study in rats

et al. 2022

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Purpose: To study the anatomorphometry of the plexus brachialis (PB) of rats under a high-definition video system. Methods: Ten male Wistar rats discarded from other research that did not interfere in the morphology of the animal, respecting the principle of reduction, were used. All animals were submitted to the same protocol. Initially, the cervical region was shaved. The animals were placed in a dorsal position. A single elbow-to-elbow incision was performed and dissection started at the deltopectoral sulcus. The procedures were performed under a video system. To measure the structures, the Image J software was used. Results: All the PB evaluated originated from the C5-T1 spinal nerves. C5 and C6 converged to form the truncus superior, the root of C7 originated the truncus medius, and the confluence of C8 and T1 originated the truncus inferior. It was found the union of C7, C8, and T1 to form truncus inferomedialis instead of separate medial and inferior truncus. C8 (1.31 mm) was the thickest root, the truncus inferior (1.80 mm) and the nerve radialis (1.02 mm), were the thickest. Conclusions: The anatomy of the PB is comparable to humans, admitting variations. The videomagnification system is useful to perform microsurgical dissection.

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“…Sensory blockade (nociception assessment) and motor blockade (grasping and straightening tests) are used to evaluate whether there is brachial plexus block in rats after lidocaine injection ( Zhang et al, 2019 ). The most intuitive is to observe the twitch of forelimbs and forepaws of rats.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishment of ultrasound-guided stellate ganglion block in rats

et al. 2023

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BackgroundA novel protocol for accurate stellate ganglion block under ultrasound guidance was designed in rats. This technique raises the success rate of stellate ganglion block and reduces the incidence of brachial plexus and vagus nerve block.MethodsFifty-six Sprague-Dawley were randomly divided into an ultrasound-guided group (n = 28) and a blind technique group (n = 28). The rats in the blind technique group were injected with 1.5% lidocaine mixed with methylene blue after signs of brachial plexus stimulation were elicited. The lateral side of the cephalic brachial vein was located under the first rib, where lidocaine was injected into the rats in the ultrasound-guided group. The up-and-down sequential method of Dixon was used to determine the minimum effective volume for stellate ganglion block in rats. Furthermore, we calculated the required operative duration of the two methods and observed the difference in the lidocaine diffusion range between the two groups.ResultsThe minimum effective volume for stellate ganglion block in the ultrasound-guided group was 0.040 ml, and the 95% CI was 0.026–0.052 ml. In the blind technique group, the minimum effective volume was 0.639 ml, and the 95% CI was 0.490–0.733 ml. Within the 95% CI of the lowest effective volume, the incidence of brachial plexus block as a complication of stellate ganglion block under ultrasound guidance was 10.00%.ConclusionStellate ganglion block under ultrasound guidance is more accurate than blind detection, which the incidence of complications of stellate ganglion block under ultrasound guidance was significantly lower than under blind detection; the rate of methylene blue staining in the vagus nerve was significantly lower under ultrasound guidance.

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A rat model of nerve stimulator-guided brachial plexus blockade

Cited by 4 publications

References 17 publications

Lower jaw‐to‐forepaw rapid and delayed reorganization in the rat forepaw barrel subfield in primary somatosensory cortex

Lower jaw‐to‐forepaw rapid and delayed reorganization in the rat forepaw barrel subfield in primary somatosensory cortex

Anatomorphometry of the brachial plexus under high-definition system: an experimental study in rats

Establishment of ultrasound-guided stellate ganglion block in rats

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