A rapid-test for screening biochar effects on seed germination

Olszyk, David M.; Shiroyama, Tamotsu; Novak, Jeffrey M.; Johnson, Mark G.

doi:10.1080/00103624.2018.1495726

Cited by 16 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…This suggests that an increase in pH with addition of biochar can be related to reduced plant Zn concentration. As indicated earlier, in a seed germination study we found a general increased soil pH with the same biochars, biochar level, and soils as in this study, with the greatest increase with PL pyrolyzed at 700°C (Olszyk et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Biochar nutrients. The manure-based biochars (PL and SS) generally had higher nutrient concentrations (Olszyk et al, 2018, Table 3). The SS biochars had the highest Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, P, and Zn.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, an increase in pH leads to lower concentrations of plantavailable P due to binding with Ca in the biochar (Novak et al, 2019), which could lead to lower leaf Ca. Above pH 6.5, as occurred for the Norfolk soil especially with the PL and 55 biochars in a seed germination study (Olszyk et al, 2018), exchangeable Mg could decrease under some conditions (Barber, 1984), and could contribute to decreases in leaf Mg concentrations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Biochar Affects Essential Nutrients of Carrot Taproots and Lettuce Leaves

Olszyk¹,

Shiroyama²,

Novak³

et al. 2020

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Essential nutrient concentrations in crops can affect human health. While biochar has the potential as a soil amendment to improve crop yields, it may also affect the concentrations of nutrients such as Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, and Zn in edible portions of crops. To better characterize effects of biochar on important human nutrients in food crops, we evaluated the effects of biochar on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Black-Seeded Simpson) leaf and carrot [Daucus carota subsp. sativus (Hoffm.) Schübl. cv. Tendersweet] developing taproot nutrients. Plants were grown in pots in a greenhouse using sandy loam (Coxville, fine, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Paleaquults) and loamy sand (Norfolk, fine-loamy, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kandiudults,) series soils, amended with biochar produced from four feedstocks: pine chips (PC), poultry litter (PL), swine solids (SS), and switchgrass (SG); and two blends of PC plus PL [PC/PL, 50%/50% (55) and 80%/20% (82) by weight]. Biochar was produced at 350, 500, and 700 °C from each feedstock. Lettuce leaf and carrot taproot total nutrient concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma analysis. Biochar (especially at least in part manure-based, i.e., PL, SS, 55, and 82 at nearly all temperatures) primarily decreased nutrient concentrations in lettuce leaves, with Ca, Mg, and Zn affected most. Carrot taproot nutrient concentrations also deceased, but to a lesser extent. Some biochars increased leaf or taproot nutrient concentrations, especially K. This study indicated that biochar can both decrease and increase leaf and taproot nutrient concentrations important for human health. Thus, potential effects on nutrients in plants should be carefully considered when biochar is used as a soil amendment with vegetable crops.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Biochar Affects Essential Nutrients of Carrot Taproots and Lettuce Leaves

Olszyk¹,

Shiroyama²,

Novak³

et al. 2020

horts

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“…In general, the DM content of shoot biomass increased in biochar treatments compared to the CON. A positive effect of biochar on shoot dry weight was also reported in a previous study [66]. This can be explained by the addition of mineral nutrients from biochar ash [67].…”

Section: Effects Of Corncob Biochar On Dry Matter Content Of the Shoosupporting

confidence: 85%

Phytotoxicity of Corncob Biochar before and after Heat Treatment and Washing

et al. 2018

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Biochar from crop residues such as corncobs can be used for soil amendment, but its negative effects have also been reported. This study aims to evaluate the phytotoxic effects of different biochar treatments and application rates on cress (Lepidium sativum). Corncob biochar was produced via slow pyrolysis without using purging gas. Biochar treatments included fresh biochar (FB), dried biochar (DB), washed biochar (WB), and biochar water extract (WE). Biochar application rates of 10, 20, and 30 t/ha were investigated. Significant phytotoxic effects of biochar were observed on germination rates, shoot length, fresh weight, and dry matter content, while severe toxic effects were identified in FB and WE treatments. Germination rate after 48 h (GR48) decreased with the increase of biochar application rates in all treatments. The observed order of performance of the biochar treatments for germination, shoot length, and shoot fresh weight for every biochar application rate was WB>DB>WE>FB, while it was the reverse order for the shoot dry matter content. WB treatment showed the best performance in reducing the phytotoxicity of biochar. The mitigation of the phytotoxicity in fresh corncob biochar by washing and heat treatment was found to be a simple and effective method.

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“…The uppermost horizon (∼0-23 cm) of both soil profiles was use in this study. Site cultivation history, crop management, and additional characteristics of the soils are described elsewhere (Novak et al, 2014;Olszyk, Shiroyama, Novak, & Johnson, 2018;Olszyk et al, 2020;Sigua et al, 2014) and are summarized in Table 1. After collection, both soils were air-dried and sieved.…”

Section: Core Ideasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochar affects growth and shoot nitrogen in four crops for two soils

Olszyk

Shiroyama²,

Novak

et al. 2020

Agrosystems Geosci & Env

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To address the need for information on biochar effects on crop growth and nitrogen (N), a greenhouse study was conducted with carrot, lettuce, soybean, and sweet corn using sandy loam (Coxville series) and loamy sand (Norfolk series) soils and a variety of biochars. Biochar was produced from pine chips (PC), poultry litter (PL), swine solids (SS), switchgrass (SG), and two blends of PC plus PL (50/50% [55] and 80/20% [82], wt/wt), with each feedstock pyrolyzed at 350, 500, or 700˚C. The results confirmed that biochar can increase crop growth; however, the responses varied with crop, soil, and feedstock and to a lesser extent with pyrolysis temperature. In general, lettuce had large increases in shoot and root dry weights vs. no-biochar controls with many biochars, primarily the SS and 55 blend and to a lesser extent with 82 followed by PL, and then PC and SG, especially when grown in the Coxville soil. Biochar had more limited effects on carrot, sweet corn, and soybean weights. Some biochars decreased crop growth (e.g., PL at 700˚C) for soybean shoot and pod dry weights with the Norfolk soil. Shoot N concentrations decreased with SS, 55, and 82 for carrot, lettuce, and sweet corn with the Norfolk soil but tended to increase for soybean. Shoot N uptake increased or decreased depending on biochar feedstock and temperature, crop, and soil. These results confirm that biochar can increase crop growth and affect shoot N, which is essential for crop growth.

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A rapid-test for screening biochar effects on seed germination

Cited by 16 publications

References 38 publications

Biochar Affects Essential Nutrients of Carrot Taproots and Lettuce Leaves

Biochar Affects Essential Nutrients of Carrot Taproots and Lettuce Leaves

Phytotoxicity of Corncob Biochar before and after Heat Treatment and Washing

Biochar affects growth and shoot nitrogen in four crops for two soils

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