A rapid method for measuring menstrual blood loss using automatic extraction

Newton, John F.; Barnard, Geoff; Collins, William P.

doi:10.1016/0010-7824(77)90026-9

Cited by 138 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Menstrual blood loss Measurement of MBL was by the alkaline haematin method established by Hallberg & Nilsson4, modified by Newton et al 19 and Van Eijkeren et with some additional minor modifications. Briefly, all sanitary pads for each individual were stored in sealable bags in labelled buckets till the end of menses.…”

Section: Laboratory Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing iron deficiency anaemia due to heavy menstrual blood loss in Nigerian rural adolescents

Barr

Brabin

Agbaje

et al. 1998

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: Menstrual disorders are common in young women, and heavy menstrual blood losses (MBL) are an important cause of anaemia. Menstrual morbidity normally goes untreated in developing countries where cultural barriers also serve to mask the problems. We investigated the prevalence of menstrual morbidity, and measured MBL and its relationship to iron deficiency in a rural adolescent population. The rationale was to assess whether or not reducing heavy MBL could be part of a strategy to reduce iron deficiency anaemia. Setting: Rural village in south-east Nigeria. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Subjects:The study included all non-pregnant, unmarried nulliparous girls (< 20 years) who had menstruated, and who lived in K'Dere village. Methods: A field worker allocated to each girl completed a questionnaire, and supervised recovery and collection of soiled pads and ensured blood sampling. MBL was measured using the standard alkaline haematin method. Haemoglobin (Hb), serum iron, transferrin saturation and protoporphyrin levels (ZPP) were also measured. Results 307 girls completed MBL measurements; 11.9?! refused to participate. 12.1% had menorrhagia (> 80ml); median MBL was 33.1 ml. Menorrhagia was more frequent in girls who had menstruated for > 2 years ( P = 0.0481, and had longer duration of menses ( P < 0.001). Iron status as measured by haematocrit, serum iron, transferrin saturation and ZPP values was inversely related to MBL. Neither height nor body mass index for age was associated with current iron status. Conclusions: The level of menorrhagia detected (12%) may be an 'expected' level for a condition which often has no underlying pathology. Heavy MBL is one of the most important factors contributing to iron deficiency anaemia. Measures are needed to alleviate menstrual disorders, and improve iron status. Oral contraceptives can be part of a strategy to reduce anaemia, particularly for adolescents at high risk of unwanted pregnancies.

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Section: Laboratory Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing iron deficiency anaemia due to heavy menstrual blood loss in Nigerian rural adolescents

Barr

Brabin

Agbaje

et al. 1998

Public Health Nutr.

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“…Hematin [4] The procedure is based upon the formation of alkaline hematin after blood has been extracted from sanitary pads and absorbent paper by an automatic Stomacher Lab-Blender. This particular method is less laborious and time-consuming than other photometric methods since the automatic extractor (Stomacher Lab-Blender) squeezes the sanitary towels mechanically and reduces the time of extraction of blood from towels and absorbent paper from a period of 48 h to a few minutes.…”

Section: Measurement Of Blood Loss In the 3rd Stage: A Rapid Methods Omentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These paper towels and sanitary pads were collected in a plastic bag and labelled exactly as would be the case as in the postpartum period. The plastic bag, together with 1 ml of venous blood which had been drawn preoperatively from the woman was sent to the laboratory for measurement of blood loss by the colorimetric method of measuring alkaline hematin in blood [4]. The technologist performing the laboratory measurement was not informed of the actual blood volume measured intraoperatively.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Validation of a Laboratory Method of Measuring Postpartum Blood Loss

Chua

Vanaja

et al. 1998

Gynecol Obstet Invest

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Laboratory methods give more accurate measurement of blood loss in the postpartum period than visual estimation. In order to evaluate a laboratory method used to quantify blood loss postpartum, blood lost at gynecological operations was collected in a measuring bottle. The measured amount of blood (50–1,000 ml) was then poured onto absorbent paper towels and sanitary pads, in order to mimic conditions when measuring blood loss in clinical trials in the postpartum period. The amount of blood absorbed onto the absorbent paper and sanitary pads was measured by a rapid method of automatic extraction and photometric measurement of alkaline hematin. The study shows that the method provides a reliable and accurate means of measuring blood loss. The error in each case was less than 10% with an intraclass correlation coefficient of almost 1.

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“…In this study, 6 months results are available in 13 of them. MBL was quantified according to the technique first described by Hallberg and Nilsson 16 , adapted by Shaw 17 and modified by Newton 18 before insertion (baseline controls) of the IUS and after 3, and 6 months. Women were instructed to carefully collect their menstrual tampons and bring them to the laboratory in opaque plastic bags as soon as bleeding ended, as described previously.…”

Section: Fibroplant ®mentioning

confidence: 99%