The objective of this study was to gain knowledge about anemia is it relates to program planning. No recent data exist on anemia [hemoglobin (Hb) <120g/L, plasma ferritin (PF) normal], Fe deficiency (ID) [PF < 15 microg/L, Hb normal], or Fe deficiency anemia [Hb < 120 g/L, PF < 15 microg/L] in Lebanese women. A national survey of 540 nonpregnant women aged 15-49 years was conducted to find the prevalence and determinants of anemia and ID in Lebanon. Sociodemographic, health, and dietary data were collected. Hb and ferritin were assessed. Thirty-three percent of the subjects had ID and 13.5 per cent had Fe deficiency anemia. Eight percent were anemic (Hb < 120 g/L) with PF values > 15 microg/L. Women consuming < 67 per cent of the RDA of hematinic nutrients had lower Hb and Fe levels. Strategies to improve Fe and anemia status are discussed.