A rapid method for determining the toxicity of chemicals to activated sludge

Larson, Robert J.; Schaeffer, S.L.

doi:10.1016/0043-1354(82)90090-2

Cited by 30 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Lewandowski et al (1985) reported that concentrations of activated sludge in the range 2.3-5.6 g/liter had no influence on the inhibition coefficient (K ) for chromate anions. Larson and Schaeffer (1982), on the contrary, found that inhibition concentration IC was a linear function of concentration of sludge biomass. Lamb and Tollefson (1973) also present the dependence of inhibition on concentration of suspended solids.…”

Section: Effect Of Concentration Of Activated Sludge On Value Of Ecmentioning

confidence: 88%

Toxicity of Chromium to Activated Sludge

Vaňková¹,

Kupec²,

Hoffmann³

1999

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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Section: Effect Of Concentration Of Activated Sludge On Value Of Ecmentioning

confidence: 88%

Toxicity of Chromium to Activated Sludge

Vaňková¹,

Kupec²,

Hoffmann³

1999

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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“…Essentially, the algae were exposed to the test chemical for 4 d, after which cell counts were made. The EC50 value was then calculated by the method of Larson and Schaefer [24].…”

Section: Laboratory Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the effects of surfactants on freshwater phytoplankton communities in experimental enclosures and on algal population growth in the laboratory

Lewis

1986

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Field validation of laboratory toxicity data for phytoplankton is uncommon but it is important, since results from standard single‐species laboratory tests are often used in assessing the environmental safety of a chemical. This study reports the short‐term in situ effects of three surfactants on the community structure of enclosed natural assemblages of phytoplankton. Standard diversity and similarity indices, mean species number and density and changes in dissolved oxygen concentration were determined for phytoplankton enclosed in 26‐liter bottles after 10 d of exposure in Acton Lake, Ohio. The first observed effect concentrations based on commonly calculated indices of community structure occurred at 108, 8.4 and 2.9 mg/1, respectively, for the anionic, nonionic and cationic surfactants. In contrast, lower effect levels (<1.0 mg/1) based on changes in density of some major taxa were observed. Since standard algal toxicity tests assume a degree of environmental relevancy, the community effect levels were compared with effect concentrations developed in standard laboratory algal toxicity tests monitoring changes in population growth of single test species. The community effect levels could be predicted in some cases; however, the degree of similarity between the laboratory and field results was very dependent on the surfactant, the laboratory test species and the effect parameter.

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“…(2) assays based on bioluminescence output (Beckman Instruments, 1982; Bulich, 1982); (3) assays based on the measurement of oxygen consumption using dissolved oxygen probes [International Standards Organization (ISO), 1984; Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), 19841 or respirometric techniques (manometric or electrolytic) (King and Dutka, 1986); (4) assays based on the determination of glucose uptake activity (Larson and Schaeffer, 1982;Olah and Princz, 1986); and (5) assays based on the measurement of microbial dehydrogenase enzyme activity (Liu, 1981;Liu and Thomson, 1984;Ryssov-Nielsen, 1975;Reinhartz et al, 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of three rapid toxicity test procedures: Microtox,® polytox,® and activated sludge respiration inhibition

Elnabarawy¹,

Robideau²,

Beach³

1988

Environ. Toxicol. Water Qual.

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Methods for measuring respiratory activity can detect adverse effects on heterotrophic microorganisms. These methods are useful tools for assessing the impact of chemicals on biological wastewater treatment processes. They are also well suited for evaluating the treatability potential of individual wastes. However, varying results are oRen reported when using municipal or industrial activated sludge substrate in toxicity assessments. The lack of reproducibility of these tests has also greatly limited efforts to measure the effectiveness of treatment plants in removing toxic contaminants. The toxicity of wastewaters and chemicals to biological treatment systems can be determined in 30 min with the new Polytox@ toxicity procedure. The Polytox@ kit utilizes a specialized blend of bacterial cultures. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the relative sensitivity of the new PolytoxQ toxicity procedure with two accepted microbial assay procedures; namely, the MicrotoxQ bioluminescence assay and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development's Activated Sludge Respiration Inhibition test. This paper compares toxicity values for selected inorganic and organic chemicals as determined in the three microbial assay systems. The sensitivity and reliability of the new PolytoxQ toxicity procedure is discussed.

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A rapid method for determining the toxicity of chemicals to activated sludge

Cited by 30 publications

References 6 publications

Toxicity of Chromium to Activated Sludge

Toxicity of Chromium to Activated Sludge

Comparison of the effects of surfactants on freshwater phytoplankton communities in experimental enclosures and on algal population growth in the laboratory

Comparison of three rapid toxicity test procedures: Microtox,® polytox,® and activated sludge respiration inhibition

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