A Rapid, Economical, and Eco-Friendly Method to Recycle Terephthalic Acid from Waste Poly (Ethylene Terphthalate) Bottles

Shafique, Umer; Zaman, Waheed; Anwar, Jamil; Munawar, Munawar Ali; Salman, Muhammad; Dar, Amara; Rehman, Rabia; Ashraf, Uzma; Ahmad, Shahzad

doi:10.1080/00914037.2011.557802

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Recently, use of silicon carbide (SiC) as a power modulator under microwave irradiation was used in the degradation of PET [39]. A domestic microwave oven with NaOH was employed by Shafique et al [39].…”

Section: Poly(ethylene Terephthalate)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer Degradation Under Microwave Irradiation

Achilias

2014

Advances in Polymer Science

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Development of advanced, environmentally friendly and energy-saving techniques for the chemical recycling of polymers is of paramount importance in the polymer industry. Understanding polymer degradation is the scientific key behind this technological challenge. Recent research on the application of microwave irradiation to polymer degradation is presented in this review. Results have shown the potential advantage of microwaves for complete polymer degradation in a significantly reduced time scale compared with conventional heating. The benefits of using microwave irradiation in the degradation of polyesters [e.g. poly(ethylene terephthalate) and polycarbonate], polyurethanes, polyamides, poly[alkyl (meth)acrylates], polystyrene and other polymers is presented. Moreover, the effect of microwave heating on the pyrolysis of commodity polymers such as polyethylene, is also discussed. Finally, the double role of materials used traditionally as solvents, reagents or catalysts, but now also as microwave absorbers in polymer degradation is explored.

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Section: Poly(ethylene Terephthalate)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer Degradation Under Microwave Irradiation

Achilias

2014

Advances in Polymer Science

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“…Reaction times are between 6 minutes and 70 hours ( Table 2). The general reaction scheme of alkaline hydrolysis is depicted in Figure 4 [162][163][164][165][166][167][168][169][170][171]. Caparanga et al [162] used alkaline washing as pretreatment of PET-waste before actual recycling.…”

Section: Hydrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Karayannidis et al [170] did not determine any yield of any reaction product in alkaline PET hydrolysis. Additionally to conventional alkaline hydrolysis, Khalaf and Hasan [164], Paliwal and Mungray [167], Shafique et al [168] additionally used microwave or ultrasound irradiation for de-polymerization of PET. Although Khalaf and Hasan as well as Paliwal and Mungray used a catalyst (tetra butyl ammonium bromide, tetra butyl ammonium iodide), their TPA yield of 99% was not significantly greater than the yield of Shafique et al [168] with 96%.…”

Section: Hydrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally to conventional alkaline hydrolysis, Khalaf and Hasan [164], Paliwal and Mungray [167], Shafique et al [168] additionally used microwave or ultrasound irradiation for de-polymerization of PET. Although Khalaf and Hasan as well as Paliwal and Mungray used a catalyst (tetra butyl ammonium bromide, tetra butyl ammonium iodide), their TPA yield of 99% was not significantly greater than the yield of Shafique et al [168] with 96%. Finally, Rosmaninho et al [169] used alkaline hydrolysis for surface modification of PET not to yield PET monomers but to synthesize a cation exchange material as adsorbent for cationic contaminants.…”

Section: Hydrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recycling of poly(ethylene terephthalate) – A review focusing on chemical methods

Geyer¹,

Lorenz²,

Kandelbauer³

2016

Express Polym. Lett.

204

120

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Abstract.Recycling of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is of crucial importance, since worldwide amounts of PETwaste increase rapidly due to its widespread applications. Hence, several methods have been developed, like energetic, material, thermo-mechanical and chemical recycling of PET. Most frequently, PET-waste is incinerated for energy recovery, used as additive in concrete composites or glycolysed to yield mixtures of monomers and undefined oligomers. While energetic and thermo-mechanical recycling entail downcycling of the material, chemical recycling requires considerable amounts of chemicals and demanding processing steps entailing toxic and ecological issues. This review provides a thorough survey of PET-recycling including energetic, material, thermo-mechanical and chemical methods. It focuses on chemical methods describing important reaction parameters and yields of obtained reaction products. While most methods yield monomers, only a few yield undefined low molecular weight oligomers for impaired applications (dispersants or plasticizers). Further, the present work presents an alternative chemical recycling method of PET in comparison to existing chemical methods.

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“…Among these products, bottle grade PET is generally used for water and beverage packaging due to its lightweight, inexpensive price, resistance to microorganisms, and light [4][5][6]. Bottles of water, soft drinks, and other beverages constitute 83-84% of global PET resin requirement [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PET Bottle Recycling for Sustainable Textiles

Sarioğlu¹,

Kaynak²

2018

Polyester - Production, Characterization and Innovative Applications

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Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), as the most favorable packaging material, is owing to its transparent color, lightweight, strength, food safe, inexpensive price, fully recyclability, etc. In addition to all these advantages, PET as a waste material takes up considerable space in nature and needs to be recycled for the disposal of these wastes. In this regard, recycling enables conserving raw materials, reducing energy use in order to produce virgin PET, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Today, PET is the most widely recycled plastic in the world. Eco-friendly products obtained by recycling of PET are mainly used as textile fibers. In addition, both brands and consumers are seen to be enthusiastic in order to minimize the environmental effects of PET wastes. This study is concerned with the use of textile fiber from recycled PET (r-PET) bottles to produce a cotton blended ring and compact yarns. Undoubtedly, the study also includes comparison of cotton blended virgin polyester fiber (v-PET) with r-PET fiber to determine the advantages and disadvantages of r-PET fiber. The reason for choosing cotton fiber is the most preferred fiber blending with PET commercially.

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A Rapid, Economical, and Eco-Friendly Method to Recycle Terephthalic Acid from Waste Poly (Ethylene Terphthalate) Bottles

Cited by 8 publications

References 15 publications

Polymer Degradation Under Microwave Irradiation

Polymer Degradation Under Microwave Irradiation

Recycling of poly(ethylene terephthalate) – A review focusing on chemical methods

PET Bottle Recycling for Sustainable Textiles

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