A rapid analysis of Bisphenol A using MISPE coupled with HPLC-FLD in tissues of food-producing animals

Abstract

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a highly-produced organic compound of anthropogenic origin with a wide-range use and is ubiquitously present in both living organisms and the environment. A previously published analytical method for testing of the free (aglycone) BPA in foodstuffs was simplified and optimized for sheep muscle tissue, kidney and liver, by using only a single MISPE purification step allied with HPLC-FLD analysis. The recovery rates and RSD values over a concentration range of 1–10 µg/kg were in the range of 67‒86% and 3‒34%, respectively, while linearity in the matrix, represented by the r 2 , was ≥0.999. LOD values were 0.5‒1 µg/kg and LOQ values were 1 µg/kg. The analytical method used is a contribution to the field of veterinary toxicology and food testing and also proved to be applicable for other food-producing animal species, e.g. pigs, poultry and freshwater fish. The MISPE sorbent material for testing of BPA was reusable, with up to five re-use cycles without significant loss in performance characteristics. The paper reports on a rapid determination of free (aglycone) BPA in tissues of food-producing animals by HPLC-FLD and presents a substantial improvement of analytical performance with regard to time- and cost-savings, as well as environmental protection. MISPE is an advanced analytical technology, and the results proved that in a single and simplified SPE step it had good performance characteristics such as selectivity, recovery and precision, allied with low LOD and LOQ values. It was proved that MISPE BPA cartridges could be used at least five times without significant loss of methodological recovery and precision.

Bisphenol A in edible tissues of rams exposed to repeated low-level dietary dose by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection

“…Extraction of aglycone BPA from the sheep muscle tissue, liver and kidney was performed according to the method by Cerkvenik-Flajs and Šturm ( 2021 ). Briefly, an aliquot of 2.0 ± 0.005 g of a homogenized (defrosted) sample was extracted by MeCN by vortexing and ultrasonication.…”

“…MISPE of both aglycone and total BPA in all matrices examined was performed according to the method by Cerkvenik-Flajs and Šturm ( 2021 ). Briefly, the sample extract was applied onto the MISPE column, washed with 5 mL of H 2 O and 3 mL of MeCN/H 2 O (40/60, v/v) being eluted with 6 mL of MeOH.…”

“…The MISPE cartridges were used multiple times. After evaporation of the MISPE eluate to dryness, the sample extract was re-dissolved in 0.8 mL of MeCN/H 2 O (35/65, v/v) (Cerkvenik-Flajs and Šturm 2021 ).…”

“…2 was used, with the last gradient ramp (50–35% of MeCN) of method no. 1 being prolonged from 20 to 25 min (Cerkvenik-Flajs and Šturm 2021 ). HPLC method no.…”

“…As regards determination of aglycone BPA in the muscle tissue, liver and kidney, its validation has already been described in detail (Cerkvenik-Flajs and Šturm 2021 ). Therefore, validation of aglycone BPA determination in the fat tissue and total BPA in all matrices examined is presented here.…”