A Range of Body Impedance Values for Low Voltage, Low Source Impedance Systems of 60 HZ

Hammam, Magda S.; Baishiki, Rod S.

doi:10.1109/tpas.1983.318050

Cited by 21 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…When a person cannot "let go," perspiration increases and skin resistance decreases, so higher levels of current flow through the body. Respiratory paralysis, the loss of voluntary control over the respiratory muscles, can be fatal at current levels of 30 mA for a 68-kg (150-pound) adult [8]- [10]. Electrical workers standing on ladders have broken free from lowvoltage 2 "let-go" shocks by kicking the ladder away from themselves and falling.…”

Section: Suggested Content For K1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical Safety, Electrical Hazards, and the 2018 NFPA 70E: Time to Update Annex K?

Gammon¹,

Lee

Zhang

et al. 2015

IEEE Trans. on Ind. Applicat.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sharing the same goals and overlapping membership, IEEE and NFPA are committed to improving electrical safety in the workplace. Knowledge about electrical hazards, especially arc flash hazards, has expanded greatly since the first, 2002 edition of the IEEE Standard 1584, IEEE Guide for Performing Arc-Flash Hazard Calculations. In the NFPA 70E Standard, 2004 edition, the 1584 arc-flash hazard calculations were included in the recommended methods for quantifying the potential incident energy exposure. In 2004 IEEE and NFPA initiated the IEEE/NFPA Arc Flash Collaboration Project to conduct research and testing which would lead to a greater scientific understanding of the arc flash hazard. Presently, IEEE Standard 1584 is in the process of major revision. Subsequent editions of NFPA 70E -the 2009, 2012 and 2015 -have greatly expanded the coverage of the arc flash hazard. However, NFPA 70E Annex K, which addresses the general categories of electrical hazards, has changed little since the 2004 edition, except for the addition of a short paragraph on arc blast hazards in 2009. This paper suggests content for expanding the 2018 NFPA 70E Annex K.

show abstract

Section: Suggested Content For K1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical Safety, Electrical Hazards, and the 2018 NFPA 70E: Time to Update Annex K?

Gammon¹,

Lee

Zhang

et al. 2015

IEEE Trans. on Ind. Applicat.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The equivalent internal resistance R eq , as shown in Figs. 1(b) and 1(c), between the points of contact, can be accurately computed with numerical techniques [4][5][6] or with the approximate equations provided in Table I The open circuit potential difference between a grounded structure (point B) and the surface potential at the point where a person is standing (points A1 and A2).…”

Section: The Electric Shock Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety Assessment of AC Grounding Systems Based on Voltage-Dependent Body Resistance

Lee

Meliopoulos

2015

IEEE Trans. on Ind. Applicat.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper presents the safety assessment of a grounding system at an indoor-type 161/23.9-kV substation based on voltage dependent body resistance. For a grounding system to be safe, the maximum actual touch and step voltages should not exceed postulated safety criteria. Thus, safety assessment of a grounding system is referred to a procedure by which the actual maximum touch and step voltages are computed and compared to the maximum allowable (safe) touch and step voltages. The safety criteria in terms of allowable body current have been defined by two widely accepted standards, i.e., the IEEE Std. 80 and the IEC 60479-1. Then, the allowable body current is translated into the allowable touch and step voltages. However, the two standards differ in their definitions of body resistance. The IEC 6047-1 provides data for the body resistance as a function of body voltage and data for the body resistance as a function of path; while the IEEE Std. 80 uses a constant value of 1000 ohms for the body resistance. Thus, a comparison of allowable touch and step voltages computed by these two standards is included in this study. 7Kung University in Taiwan. His research interests are power system grounding analysis, power system transient modeling, and applications of wavelet theory in power systems. received the M.E. and E.E. A. P. S. Meliopoulos

show abstract

“…Since the last century, with the increasing spread of electrical devices, the aspects concerning the effects of current on human body have been investigated [1]. Immobilization, stopping breathing, ventricular fibrillation and burns are the main effects of current on human beings [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indirect contacts protection for multi-frequency currents ground faults

Cocina

Colella

Pons

et al. 2016

2016 IEEE 16th International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering (EEEIC)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In recent decades, most electrical appliances have been deeply transformed with the addition of power electronics. In case of failures, the fault current is no longer sinusoidal and the effects on human beings are, up to now, not well known. Non sinusoidal currents can be decomposed in a series of sinusoidal currents: for this purpose, the IEC Standard 62423 defines a test waveform for F type residual circuit breakers, which is composed of different frequencies weighted sinusoidal currents. In this paper, the human body response to multi frequency currents has been investigated considering the perception threshold for the test waveform defined in the IEC 62423.

show abstract

A Range of Body Impedance Values for Low Voltage, Low Source Impedance Systems of 60 HZ

Cited by 21 publications

References 20 publications

Electrical Safety, Electrical Hazards, and the 2018 NFPA 70E: Time to Update Annex K?

Electrical Safety, Electrical Hazards, and the 2018 NFPA 70E: Time to Update Annex K?

Safety Assessment of AC Grounding Systems Based on Voltage-Dependent Body Resistance

Indirect contacts protection for multi-frequency currents ground faults

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About