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The accuracy of power system grounding analysis is critically dependent on the resistivity of the local soil surrounding the grounding system. This paper develops and discusses a new closed-form formula based on field theory relating soil resistivity to measured resistance which relaxes the requirement that rod electrodes have a large spacing compared to their buried length. The paper also demonstrates that the interpretation of practical resistivity measurements based on the new equation is significantly more accurate than the one based on the classical equation.

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Recent epidemiological studies have focused attention on the measurement of ambient level power frequency magnetic fields in residential and industrial settings. These fields can be as much as two orders of magnitude smaller than power line magnetic fields and can also contain significant levels of harmonic content. Because the existing IEEE standard for characterizing power frequency magnetic fields is intended for measurements near power lines, it has a number of inadequacies if used alone for guidance during the measurement of residential fields. This paper describes the instrumentation, calibration procedures, and outlines measurement strategies which can overcome some of the shortcomings of the existing standard. Examples of ambient level magnetic field measurements are also provided.

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