A Randomized Trial of the Effect of Single-Vision vs. Bifocal Lenses on Myopia Progression in Children with Esophoria

Bifocal lens control of myopic progression in children

“…This includes myopic children with a high lag of accommodation 24,25,27,37 (Table 3) and those with a high rate of myopic progression 22,27 . The greater treatment effect of bifocals in esophoric children, reported in a number of retrospective studies, 19,21 has been confirmed in very few prospective trials 23,25,26 (Tables 2 and 3). The greater beneficial effect observed in children with fast myopic progression versus those with lower annual progression rates could reflect the fact that children with low annual progression are close to the end of the myopic developmental process.…”

“…Retrospective 21 and prospective 23,25,26 studies have shown that incorporating a near addition is more effective in reducing the rate of myopic progression in individuals demonstrating baseline esophoria at near, through the distance correction, compared with those that are exophoric at near under the same circumstances. In other studies, the baseline near phoria alone was not a strong determinant of the success of bifocal treatment 24,27,35,53 .…”

The Cambridge Anti-Myopia Study

“…In light of previous associations between treatment effects and near esophoria, 48,49 we investigated the contact lens treatment effect in those with esophoria at near at baseline (n = 21). There was no significant difference in myopia progression between contact lens treatment groups at 12 months and 24 months (p = 0.47 and p = 0.54, respectively) in subjects with near esophoria.…”

The effect of positive‐lens addition and base‐in prism on accommodation accuracy and near horizontal phoria in Chinese myopic children

“…Such a lens approach has been used to attempt to retard myopia progression in children, with positive lenses at near prescribed in the form of bifocal or progressive lenses (Grosvenor et al. , 1987; Hemminki and Pärssinen, 1987; Leung and Brown, 1999; Fulk et al. , 2000; Shih et al.…”

“…For example, all children may receive a +1.00 D (Grosvenor et al. , 1987), +1.25 D (Fulk et al. , 2000), +1.50 D (Leung and Brown, 1999; Edwards et al.…”