Bifocal lens control of myopic progression in children

Cheng, Desmond; Woo, George C.; Schmid, Katrina L.

doi:10.1111/j.1444-0938.2010.00510.x

Cited by 32 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…67 Similar to previous studies, 35,68 through-focus VA was well predicted by the image convolution-based image-quality metric (R 2 ¼ 0.85). For comparison, other common retinal image quality metrics were also evaluated, such as the log of the visual Strehl ratio (VSOTF), log of the area under the modulation transfer function (aMTF), and wavefront RMS.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Impact of Pupil Transmission Apodization on Presbyopic Through-Focus Visual Performance With Spherical Aberration

Zheleznyak¹,

Jung²,

Yoon³

2014

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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Pupil transmission apodization had a significant impact on though-focus visual performance. Pupil transmission apodization affects through-focus retinal image quality by diminishing the relative contribution to the retinal image from the peripheral region of the wavefront aberration. Through-focus visual performance in presbyopic eyes with negative SA was improved due to pupil transmission apodization.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Impact of Pupil Transmission Apodization on Presbyopic Through-Focus Visual Performance With Spherical Aberration

Zheleznyak¹,

Jung²,

Yoon³

2014

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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“…Results are calculated using Basic V. 3.2 and Excel programs. Cheng et al, 2011 and Goss, 1994 review plus lenses, bifocal, and PAL studies. Typical college myopia rate is R' = −0.3 to −0.4 D/yr.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These myopia rates are typical (Lee et al, 2013; Sun et al, 2012; Lin et al, 1996; Yang et al, 2009) and also apply to students at the graduate level, some medical schools reporting myopia prevalence rates greater than 90% to 95% (Lin et al 1996). Recently, several (+) Add research studies have been published (Gwiazda et al, 2003; Leung & Brown, 1999; Fulk et al., 2000; Oakley & Young, 1975; Yang et al, 2009; the COMET Group, 2013; Cheng et al, 2011, 2014) with encouraging results, i.e. the progressive myopia rate can be attenuated by 50% or more (Holden et al, 2014) using various (+) Add technologies, i.e.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Helmet display and optical design have become an integral part of aircraft design in recent years (Jenkins & Gallimore, 2008). Our approach involved (+) Add reading glasses, +1.5 to +3.0 diopters, to be used during long hours of college study to lessen focusing effort (Cheng et al, 2011). In engineering terms, (+)Add reading glasses, Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2, using +1.5 D and +2.0 D Add, p < 0.001 for each of 10 different age brackets. Cheng, Woo & Schmid, 2011 and Goss, 1994 review the literature on (+)Add studies, including bifocal and multi-focal lenses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mathematical models of college myopia

Greene¹,

Grill

Medina

2016

Optik

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Experimental design phase of a pilot study at Annapolis is described, using reading glasses, +1.5 D. to +3.0 D. to alleviate college myopia. College students often become 1.0 to 2.0 diopters more myopic, so reading glasses were explored to partially cancel the effects of the study environment. N = 25 different sets of (+)Add lenses are evaluated, for required adjustment period and reading comfort. Three computer models are developed to predict refraction versus time. Basic control system equations predict exponential myopia shift of refractive state R(t) with time constant t0 = 100 days. Linear, exponential and Gompertz computer results are compared calculating refraction R(t) during the college years, showing correlation coefficients |r| = 0.96 to 0.97, accurate +/−0.31 D. over a 14 year interval. Typical college myopia rate is −0.3 to −0.4 D/yr. Reading glasses may be a simple, practical solution to stabilize college myopia.

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Effect of Bifocal and Prismatic Bifocal Spectacles on Myopia Progression in Children

et al. 2014

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IMPORTANCE Myopia is a significant public health problem, making it important to determine whether a bifocal spectacle treatment involving near prism slows myopia progression in children. OBJECTIVE To determine whether bifocal and prismatic bifocal spectacles control myopia in children with high rates of myopia progression and to assess whether the treatment effect is dependent on the lag of accommodation and/or near phoria status. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This 3-year randomized clinical trial was conducted in a private practice. A total of 135 (73 female and 62 male) Chinese-Canadian children (aged 8-13 years; mean [SE] age, 10.29 [0.15] years; mean [SE] myopia, −3.08 [0.10] D) with myopia progression of at least 0.50 D in the preceding year were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments. A total of 128 (94.8%) completed the trial. INTERVENTIONS Single-vision lenses (control, n = 41), +1.50-D executive bifocals (n = 48), and +1.50-D executive bifocals with 3-Δ base-in prism in the near segment of each lens (n = 46). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Myopia progression (primary) measured using an automated refractor following cycloplegia and increase in axial length (secondary) measured using ultrasonography at intervals of 6 months for 36 months. RESULTS Myopia progression over 3 years was an average (SE) of −2.06 (0.13) D for the single-vision lens group, −1.25 (0.10) D for the bifocal group, and −1.01 (0.13) D for the prismatic bifocal group. Axial length increased an average (SE) of 0.82 (0.05) mm, 0.57 (0.07) mm, and 0.54 (0.06) mm, respectively. The treatment effect of bifocals (0.81 D) and prismatic bifocals (1.05 D) was significant (P < .001). Both bifocal groups had less axial elongation (0.25 mm and 0.28 mm, respectively) than the single-vision lens group (P < .001). For children with high lags of accommodation (Ն1.01 D), the treatment effect of both bifocals and prismatic bifocals was similar (1.1 D) (P < .001). For children with low lags (<1.01 D), the treatment effect of prismatic bifocals (0.99 D) was greater than of bifocals (0.50 D) (P = .03). The treatment effect of both bifocals and prismatic bifocals was independent of the near phoria status. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Bifocal spectacles can slow myopia progression in children with an annual progression rate of at least 0.50 D after 3 years. These results suggest that prismatic bifocals are more effective for myopic children with low lags of accommodation. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00787579

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Bifocal lens control of myopic progression in children

Cited by 32 publications

References 55 publications

Impact of Pupil Transmission Apodization on Presbyopic Through-Focus Visual Performance With Spherical Aberration

Impact of Pupil Transmission Apodization on Presbyopic Through-Focus Visual Performance With Spherical Aberration

Mathematical models of college myopia

Effect of Bifocal and Prismatic Bifocal Spectacles on Myopia Progression in Children

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