“…Physical health benefits include: reduced risk of chronic disease (i.e., coronary heart disease, stroke diabetes mellitus, and colon cancer), decreased total blood cholesterol and triglycerides, increased high-density lipoproteins, decreased hypertension, and enhanced bone, muscle, and joint health (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2008a). Mental health benefits include: improved mood, increased positive and reduced negative affect; reduced anxiety and depression; increased self-esteem; improved memory, concentration, attention, and information processing; and decreased hallucinations (Blumenthal et al, 2005;Bruning & Frew, 1987;Byrne & Byrne, 1993;Gauvin & Spence, 1995;Hays, 1999;Kerr & Kuk, 2001;McCain et al, 2008;Milani & Lavie, 2009;Salmon, 2001;Sandlund & Norlander, 2000). Exercise's beneficial effects on some of these variables may result from exercise's ability to decrease stress.…”