A Radiation-Resistant Rod-Shaped Bacterium, Deinobacter grandis gen. nov., sp. nov., with Peptidoglycan Containing Ornithine

Abstract

Four similar strains of gram-negative, red or pink, radiation-resistant, rod-shaped bacteria were isolated from animal feces and freshwater fish. Cell division was a simple type. The deoxyribonucleic acid guanineplus-cytosine (G + C) base ratio was 69 mol% , and menaquinone (MK-8) was found in their respiratory chain.The predominant cellular fatty acids were and C1htl. Ornithine was the diamino acid in the peptidoglycan, and the peptidoglycan type of a representative strain was the ornithine-glycine2 (A3P) type. They stained gram negative (by the Hucker modification staining method), and they showed an unusual cell wall structure similar to that of the genus Deinococcus. Their chemotaxonomic features were also very close to those of Deinococcus species. The ribonuclease T1 catalog of 16s ribosomal ribonucleic acid showed a close relationship to those of Deinococcus species. It is proposed that they be named Deinobacter grandis gen. nov., sp. nov.; the designated type strain is KS 0485 (= IAM 13005).In the study of the characterization of organisms that might belong to the Flavobacterium-Cytophaga complex (14), we found that four red or pink pigment-producing bacteria did not have rneso-diaminopimelic acid. We studied and attempted to identify these strains because the lack of meso-diaminopimelic acid is unusual in gram-negative bacteria (16). As shown by Woese and his co-workers (18, 19), the ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) oligonucleotide catalogs provide a powerful method for allowing recognition of phylogenetic relationships of unusual bacteria of unknown affiliation. In this case, the catalogs of the organism suggested a relationship to the genus Deifiococcus, which was further supported by the peptidoglycan typing. This paper deals with phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characterizations of the four strains. As a result of this analysis, they are assigned to a new genus, Deinobacter, and a single new species, Deinobacter grandis, is proposed here. MATERIALS AND METHODSBacterial strains. Deinobacter grandis KS 0460 was isolated in May 1977 from feces of Elephas maximus raised in the Ueno Zoological Garden, Tokyo, Japan. D. grandis KS 0485, KS 0488, and KS 0492 were isolated in June 1977 from freshwater fish raised in the Freshwater Fisheries Research Laboratory, Hino, Tokyo, Japan. Strain KS 0485 was isolated from the intestines of Cyprinus carpio, strain KS 0488 was isolated from the skin of Cyprinus carpio, and strain KS 0492 was isolated from the skin of Anguilla japonica. All the strains were initially isolated on YP agar (14) containing 0.25% yeast extract, 0.25% peptone, 0.125% NaCl, and 1.5% agar at 30°C.Cell morphology and phenotypic characteristics. Cell division was observed for up to 24 h by the slide culture method (13), and bacteria were cultured at 26°C on yeast extractpeptone agar composed of 1.0% yeast extract, 1.0% peptone, and 1.5% agar. Electron microscopic studies were * Corresponding author.carried out by the previously described method (8) with some modifications. Cells grown on yeast ext...

A novel radiation-resistant Deinobacter sp. isolated from irradiated pork

“…The organism was isolated on glucose nutrient agar (Oxoid CM3 + 0.5% D-ghCOSe), incubated at 25°C for 3d, from a pork chop which had been irradiated to a dose of 1.75kGy. Better growth was observed on Yeast extract peptone (YP) agar (Oyaizu & Komagata 1981) and subsequently the organism, which produces a bright red pigment, was cultured on YP broth or agar at 25"C, unless otherwise stated.…”

“…Although these organisms stained Grampositive, the fatty acid profile, and cell wall and outer membrane structure, is similar to Gramnegative species (Brooks et al 1980). A Gram-negative, red or pink, rod-shaped bacterium has recently been isolated from animal faeces and freshwater fish (Oyaizu et al 1987). The organism, designated as Deinobacter grandis gen., sp.…”

Deinococcus mumbaiensissp. nov., a radiation-resistant pleomorphic bacterium isolated from Mumbai, India

“…CON‐1, D. grandis , D. deserti and D. indicus are Gram negative and rod shaped; however, none of them are pleomophic like CON‐1 (Oyaizu et al , 1987; Suresh et al , 2004; de Groot et al , 2005). Six ( Deinococcus navajonensis , Deinococcus sonorensis , Deinococcus yavapaiensis , Deinococcus papagonesis , Deinococcus pimensis and Deinococcus maricopensis ) of the nine recently published new species also showed a rod shape, but they were Gram positive (Rainey et al , 2005).…”

“…Even though CON-1 showed all the typical characters of the Deinococcaceae family, it differed significantly from its closest phylogenetic relatives D. grandis and D. deserti with respect to a number of morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics. Therefore, the bacterium CON-1 was identified as a new species of the genus Deinococcus (Murray & Brooks, 1986;Oyaizu et al, 1987;de Groot et al, 2005) Deinococcus mumbaiensis forms short rod-shaped cells that are 1.5-2.5 mm long and 1.0-1.5 mm in diameter. Broth and plate cultures show unusually long cells (10-15 mm) along with short rods; they were Gram-negative.…”

Draft Genome Sequence of the Radioresistant Bacterium Deinococcus grandis, Isolated from Freshwater Fish in Japan

“…Radioresistance in Deinococcus species is attributed to their highly proficient DNA repair capacity (1–4). Deinococcus grandis was initially isolated as a Gram-negative, red-pigmented, radioresistant, rod-shaped bacterium from freshwater fish and named Deinobacter grandis (5). Later, on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, Deinobacter grandis was transferred to the genus Deinococcus as Deinococcus grandis (6).…”