A quantitative comparison of the formation of synapses in the rat superior cervical sympathetic ganglion by its own and by foreign nerve fibres

Östberg, Anna; Raisman, Geoffrey; Field, P.M.; Iversen, Leslie L.; Zigmond, Richard E.

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(76)90137-2

Cited by 90 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…p0285 Loesch et al (2010) have recently found that rat SCG harbors 10.3 million SYP-labeled axo-dendritic synapses and this estimate is within the range of previously published values for the same species and based upon both design-based (Siklós et al, 1990) and model-based (Field and Raisman, 1985;Ostberg et al, 1976;Smolen and Raisman, 1980) estimates. The numbers equate to about 430 axo-dendritic synapses per neuron and this estimate is somewhat greater than earlier values of 250-330 per neuron (Forehand, 1985;Ostberg et al, 1976).…”

Section: P0280supporting

confidence: 80%

“…The numbers equate to about 430 axo-dendritic synapses per neuron and this estimate is somewhat greater than earlier values of 250-330 per neuron (Forehand, 1985;Ostberg et al, 1976). In the same study, Loesch et al (2010) reported that the number of SYP-labeled axo-dendritic synapses was found to be 45 million and 56 million in horses and capybaras, respectively.…”

Section: P0280mentioning

confidence: 70%

“…B978-0-12-800179-0.00002-7, 00002 IRCMB, 978-0-12-800179-0 s0095 3.4. Synapses p0270 Estimates using model-based (particle shape-assumption dependent) and design-based stereology (disector method) suggest that the SCG of an adult rat harbors 4-12 Â 10 6 synapses (Field and Raisman, 1985;Siklós et al, 1990;Smolen and Raisman, 1980) and 19-36 Â 10 3 neurons (Ostberg et al, 1976;Purves et al, 1986;Ribeiro et al, 2004). This gives an average synapse:neuron ratio of about 290:1 and the overwhelming majority of these, 90% or more, are axo-dendritic (Forehand, 1985).…”

Section: P0260mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stereological and Allometric Studies on Neurons and Axo-Dendritic Synapses in Superior Cervical Ganglia

Ladd¹,

Ladd²,

Silva³

et al. 2014

International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology

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Section: P0280supporting

confidence: 80%

Section: P0280mentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: P0260mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stereological and Allometric Studies on Neurons and Axo-Dendritic Synapses in Superior Cervical Ganglia

Ladd¹,

Ladd²,

Silva³

et al. 2014

International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology

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“…However, in order that axons regenerate with a minimum of misdirection and interference from scarring, the preganglionic nerve was interrupted by 46 EARLY RE-INNERVATION OF GANGLION CELLS freezing (Raisman, Field, Ostberg, Iversen & Zigmond, 1974;Ostberg, Raisman, Field, Iversen & Zigmond, 1975), rather than by transaction. In fact, the method of interruption made no difference in the outcome (see Results section).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This procedure, which was repeated 3-4 times, caused freezing of the nerve and surrounding tissues for a distance of 2-3 mm. On the basis of electron microscopical examination, freezing by dry ice, as nerve section, has been reported to produce complete degeneration of the preganglionic fibres within several days in the rat (Raisman et al 1974;Ostberg et al 1975). To ensure the efficacy of the method in our hands, we impaled seventyone neurones in three ganglia 4-5 days after freezing the sympathetic trunk, and stimulated the preganglionic nerve distal to the lesion with strong current pulses (1.0 msec, 100 V).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specificity of initial synaptic contacts made on guinea‐pig superior cervical ganglion cells during regeneration of the cervical sympathetic trunk.

Njå¹,

Purves²

1978

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. Largely appropriate synaptic connexions are formed with neurones in the superior cervical ganglion at long intervals after interruption of the preganglionic nerve. In the present study we have assessed the accuracy of connexions during the early stages of re-innervation by observing end-organ responses to ventral root stimulation in vivo, and by recording intracellularly from ganglion cells during ventral root stimulation in isolated preparations.2. Appropriate, but weak, end-organ responses were elicited by stimulation of the first and fourth thoracic ventral roots (Ti and T4) 15-30 days after freezing the cervical sympathetic trunk.3. Intracellular recordings from ganglion cells during stimulation of the ventral roots C8-T7 in vitro showed that synaptic contacts are first re-established 8-11 days after freezing the preganglionic nerve. The proportion of re-innervated cells, and the strength of innervation of individual neurones, increased rapidly for up to about 3 months after nerve injury, but showed little change thereafter. Innervation remained weaker than normal even after 6 months.4. Patterns of segmental innervation recorded intracellularly during the early stages of regeneration were similar to, but more restricted than normal. Even 13-19 days after interruption of the preganglionic nerve, neurones re-innervated by more than one spinal cord segment tended to be innervated by a contiguous subset of the spinal segments which contribute innervation to the ganglion. A. NJA AND D. PURVES inappropriate ones. Rather our findings suggest that the re-innervation of ganglion cells proceeds by a gradual accumulation of synaptic connexions which are, from the outset, appropriate.

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Ultrastructure of neuronal circuitry in sympathetic ganglia

Kawai

1996

Microsc. Res. Tech.

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To elucidate the intraganglionic circuitry in sympathetic ganglia, attempts have been made to define the nature and source of those neuronal elements that establish synaptic connections there. Intracellular labeling of sympathetic cells is of particular value for this purpose. Dendrites of principal neurons in the rat superior cervical ganglion exhibit a varying complexity in their morphology and arborization. Some dendrites show specializations such as a glomerular plexus, where extensively‐branched dendritic collaterals form synaptic connections comprising not only axodendritic synapses between preganglionic axons and principal cell dendrites, but also dendrodendritic synapses between principal cell dendrites. A few of these may represent reciprocal synapses. Most presynaptic elements of adrenergic synapses observed by conventional methods appear to represent these specialized dendritic collaterals of principal neurons. These presynaptic dendrites may be an important addition to the conventional scheme of intraganglionic synaptic organization. However, there seem to be extreme species and even strain differences in the number of these adrenergic synapses, and in the sophistication of the specialized local circuits within sympathetic ganglia. Sympathetic ganglia may thus function as more than a simple relay station, with specialized neuronal circuitry that may be involved in the modulation of cholinergic transmission. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

show abstract

A quantitative comparison of the formation of synapses in the rat superior cervical sympathetic ganglion by its own and by foreign nerve fibres

Cited by 90 publications

References 25 publications

Stereological and Allometric Studies on Neurons and Axo-Dendritic Synapses in Superior Cervical Ganglia

Stereological and Allometric Studies on Neurons and Axo-Dendritic Synapses in Superior Cervical Ganglia

Specificity of initial synaptic contacts made on guinea‐pig superior cervical ganglion cells during regeneration of the cervical sympathetic trunk.

Ultrastructure of neuronal circuitry in sympathetic ganglia

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