A Qualitative Exploration of Parental Perceptions Regarding Children's Sun Exposure, Sun Protection, and Sunburn

Thoonen, Karlijn; Osch, Liesbeth van; Drittij, Rowan; Vries, Hein de; Schneider, Francine

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.596253

Cited by 7 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…They seemed to have been highly aware of the importance of sun protection behaviours and sun avoidance, but their children's sun exposure in incidental situations was still high. This may indicate, in line with previous research, that parents underestimate the risk of UVR exposure during everyday activities [34,46], or that they are not well prepared for sun protection in these settings [47]. Parental awareness about sun exposure risk in multiple settings is therefore highly important in order to minimize sunburn risk, even among parents reporting high levels of sun protection behaviours.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

“…Since sun protection attitudes and behaviours decrease during adolescence and sunburn prevalence increases, establishing sun safety for older children is considered highly important [10,17,29]. Increased parental vigilance and sun protection behaviours among children with lighter skin types has also been described in earlier work [27,28,34,47]. Similarly, parents with darker skin complexions may assume that their skin phenotype protects them from UVR [26], resulting in less sufficient sun protection for their children [48].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Hence, it is possible that the parents in the current study over-estimated their adherence to specific sun protection recommendations, despite the information provided regarding sufficient sun protection in the questionnaire. Another explanation for this finding could be that parents were unaware of their children's skin sensitivity or that they underestimated previous sunburn experiences [14,27,47].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, sunscreen efficacy mainly depends on the way in which it is applied [49]. However, sufficient sunscreen application does not appear to be achieved by parents [47], as indicated by their failure to apply sunscreen 30 minutes before going outdoors [48], skipping sensitive body parts [19], applying insufficient amounts of sunscreen [50] or not reapplying every two hours [9]. Parents' erroneous perception that they have sufficiently protected their child with sunscreen may lead them to prolong their time spent in the sun, resulting in sunburn [9,51].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These findings emphasize the difficulty in optimising sun protection in planned sun exposure situations and may lead to the question of whether sunburn prevention is entirely possible or realistic in such situations. Protecting children sufficiently on the beach or by the swimming pool is particularly challenging as the availability of shaded areas is often lacking, sunscreen has to be reapplied more frequently, and clothing may be perceived as a burden [47,53].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Children's sunburn exposed: identification of sun exposure and parental sun protection patterns

Thoonen¹,

Passos²,

Schneider³

et al. 2021

European Journal of Dermatology

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Background: Preventing sunburn in childhood is imperative in the light of skin cancer prevention. To provide directions for targeted interventions, a better understanding of children's sunburn and associated parental behaviours is necessary. Objectives: To explore sun exposure and parentfor-child sun protection patterns and their relationship with sunburn experienced in children. Materials & Methods: An online survey was conducted among parents (n = 1,299) of children (4 to 12 years). Latent class analysis (LCA) was performed to identify parental subgroups for children's sunburn, sun exposure and several sun protection behaviours (i.e. applying sunscreen, clothing, seeking shade) in two sun exposure settings (i.e. planned versus incidental). LCA results were validated by assessing predictions of class membership through several sociodemographic characteristics. Results: Reported sunburn in the previous year was frequent (>40%). Four latent classes of sunburn-exposureprotection were identified. Overall, the majority of parents reported fair sun protection behaviours. While a low level of protection behaviour was not strongly reflected in lower sunburn rates among the classes, a high level of planned exposure (e.g. going to the beach) seemed to correspond with higher sunburn risk. Parents of younger children and those with more sensitive skin reported sun protection measures more frequently. Older children and those with more sensitive skin experienced more sunburn. Conclusion: This study contributes to current insight into children's sunburn, based on parent-proxy reports. Although a clear differentiation in sunburn risk was not found, several variables, relevant for future interventions, were indicated. By further understanding the complexity of children's sunburn, further research may be directed accordingly.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Children's sunburn exposed: identification of sun exposure and parental sun protection patterns

Thoonen¹,

Passos²,

Schneider³

et al. 2021

European Journal of Dermatology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Assessment of maternal knowledge of solar exposure and vitamin D in the neonatal period

Witkowski,

Pfitzer,

Rudolf

et al. 2024

Rev. paul. pediatr.

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Objective: To assess mothers’ knowledge on sun exposure related to serum vitamin D levels in the neonatal period. Methods: Observational, analytical and cross-sectional study, carried out from August 2020 to May 2021 through a questionnaire directed to mothers of newborns, in a maternity hospital in Southern Brazil. Results: From 141 interviewees, 132 (93.6%) believe it is important to expose the neonate to sun, 101 (71.6%) think this exposure can increase vitamin D levels, 86 (61%) received such information from a doctor, 108 (76.6%) believe there are no risks of sun exposure, 88 (62.4%) claim it isn´t necessary to use any kind of protection, 96 (68.1%) said that only exposure to the sun was necessary to maintain adequate levels of vitamin D during the neonatal period. Only two mothers (1.4%) claim that you should not exposure the neonate to the sun, and only one (0.7%) stated that sun expose can cause skin problems. Conclusions: Most mothers lack satisfactory knowledge about sun exposure related to serum vitamin D levels in the neonatal period. The need to inform and clarify the population about sun exposure during this period is remarkable, in addition to disseminating the proper way to maintain serum levels of vitamin D.

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Photodamage Effect of UV Rays on Skin on outdoor workers

Sadeq¹,

Shakir²,

Abdullah³

2022

DJM

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Background: Skin is the outermost covering of the human body that serves as a barrier from extrinsic etiological challenges including physical, chemical and biological insults. Ultraviolet (UV)-B (280–320 nm) is the lead environmental agent responsible for causing skin pathologies, overexposure of ultraviolet radiation, particularly UV-B radiations, due to high energy and shorter wave length which are causes for most of the pathological states of skin. Skin cancers are classified into two main categories, non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) and cutaneous melanoma (CM). While melanoma originates through the transformation of melanocytes, NMSC arises from other epidermal cells, mainly keratinocytes, are subdivided into basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Skin cancers are considered to be one of the most preventable malignancies. By protecting the skin and limiting the amount of unprotected exposure to UVR, skin cancer risk can be decreased. Objective: To describe the demographic and clinical features of skin cancer and evaluate the harmful effects of excess UVR exposure on human skin. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional stud was conducted at the dermatology department in Baquba teaching hospital in Diyala, Iraq. A total of 100 patients were included, in the study, who attended the outpatient clinic of dermatology department of Baquba teaching hospital, from first of September 2020 to end May 2021. Results: A total of 100 patients diagnosed as skin cancer, were eligible for the study, aged between 30-80 years, The majority of them aged 41-50 years (39%), 50% of them were males and 50% were females, The majority of the patients, were laborer (31%), and 22% of them were housewives, Regarding residence, the majority of the patients (32%) lived in Kalar, and 27% resided in the Baquba, while just 3% from Mendeley, 83%percent of the patients, had white skin while just 17% of them had brown skin, and no one had black skin color, Regarding the affected site of the body, the face was the most common affected site of the body, found in (52%) of the patients. While face and neck were the most common affected site in 35% of the patients, and the least affected site was the face and hand found in 4% of the patients. Of the total patients, 99% were exposed to normal light while just 1% exposed to additional artificial light. Most of the patients (65%) said that they were exposed to the light over, all the season, while 24% of them were exposed to light just in summer, 8% and 3% of them were exposed in spring, summer and spring respectively. No one was exposed to light in autumn or winter, Just 4% of the patients had family history of skin cancer. There were 79% of the patients diagnosed as basal cell carcinoma; 14% had actinic keratosis, 5% had sun burn; and 2% had seborrheic keratosis. Regarding the patients with (BCC), most of the patients aged less than 70 years. Females were 50.6% of the patients with BCC, while males were 49.4%. The mean age of females was (53.6±12.9 years) was the same for males (53.6±11.6 years), females were affected by BCC in < 50 and ≥70 age group more than males, while males were affected more in 50-69 age group. Sixty-five percent of the patients had white skin while just 14% of them had brown skin. Regarding the affected site of the body, the face was the most common affected site of the body, found in (53.2%) of the patients, while face and neck were the most common affected site in 34.2% of the patients, and the least affected site was the face and hand found in 5.1% of the patients. Conclusion:Outdoor workers, especially those without protective measures, and in high altitude areas, are more liable to develop skin cancer especially basal cell carcinoma, so it is important to use sun-protective measures. Keywords: Photodamage, UV Rays ,Skin

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A Qualitative Exploration of Parental Perceptions Regarding Children's Sun Exposure, Sun Protection, and Sunburn

Cited by 7 publications

References 90 publications

Children's sunburn exposed: identification of sun exposure and parental sun protection patterns

Children's sunburn exposed: identification of sun exposure and parental sun protection patterns

Assessment of maternal knowledge of solar exposure and vitamin D in the neonatal period

Photodamage Effect of UV Rays on Skin on outdoor workers

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