A Q-Band FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZER IN 0.13 ΜM SIGE BICMOS

Abstract

Abstract-In this paper, a 42 GHz frequency synthesizer fabricated with 0.13 µm SiGe BiCMOS technology is presented, which consists of an integer-N fourth-order type-II phase locked loop (PLL) with a LC tank VCO and a frequency doubler. The core PLL has three-stage current mode logic (CML) and five stage true single phase clock (TSPC) logic in the frequency divider. Meanwhile, a novel balanced common-base structure is used in the frequency doubler design to widen the bandwidth and improve the fundamental rejection. The doubler shows a 41% fractional 3 dB bandwidths with a fundamental rejection better than 25.7 dB. The synthesizer has a maximum output power of 0 dBm with a DC power consumption of 60 mW. The worst phase noise at 100 kHz, 1 MHz and 10 MHz offset frequencies from the carrier is −71 dBc/Hz, −83 dBc/Hz and −102.4 dBc/Hz, respectively.

Prevalence and impact of cardiac injury on COVID‐19: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…First, all the included studies were observational studies and some studies did not adjust for the clinical confounding in the outcome of death and these biases might influence on our results. For example, ACEI/ARB, as we describe previously, was showed be associated with decreased risk of death in COVID‐19 42 . However, although with number changes, the positive association between cardiac injury and death was still persisted when excluding the unadjusted studies, which showed the robustness of our conclusion.…”