A protocol for a secure remote keyless entry system applicable in vehicles using symmetric-key cryptography

Glocker, Tobias; Mantere, Timo; Elmusrati, Mohammed

doi:10.1109/iacs.2017.7921990

Cited by 20 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…These countermeasures carried against the attack itself act as a hindrance to the keyless operation [9]. In [10] Here, a maximum of 128-bit AES is used for encryption, which could provide effective security against three types of attacks [14]. But, they are implemented in an 8-bit ATMega128L microcontroller, which has a very low speed of operation.…”

Section: Rolljam Attackmentioning

confidence: 99%

Programmable implementation of time-area-efficient Elliptic Curve Cryptography for entity authentication

2022

Informacije MIDEM

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The rise of wireless technologies, communications and devices, has resulted in the demand for effective security with low hardware requirements and high speed. Among the various cryptographic algorithms, the Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) provides an attractive solution for this demand. In this paper, the Remote Keyless system (RKE) Authentication process using the ECC is implemented in Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The designed ECC processor supports 256-bit point multiplication and point addition on the Koblitz curve secp256k1. The scalar multiplication is performed with the faster multiplier Urdhva Tiryagbhyam (UT). Additionally, pipelining is incorporated in order to speed up the multiplication process of the processor. The proposed ECC processor performs single point multiplication of 256-bit in 1.2062ms with a maximum clock frequency of 192.5MHz, which provides 212.23kbps throughput and occupies 8.23k slices in Virtex-7 FPGA. Incorporating a pipeline in scalar multiplication improves the maximum clock frequency up to 15.12%, which reduces time consumption by 22.36%, which in turn increases the throughput by 22.36%. The proposed pipelined Vedic multiplier based ECC processor outperforms the existing designs in terms of area, operating frequency, areadelay product and throughput. Also, the security evaluation and analysis of the proposed ECC processor are performed, which ensures the safety of RKE systems. Hence, the implementation of the proposed method offers time-area-efficient and fast scalar multiplication with effective hardware utilization without any compromise in security level.

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Section: Rolljam Attackmentioning

confidence: 99%

Programmable implementation of time-area-efficient Elliptic Curve Cryptography for entity authentication

2022

Informacije MIDEM

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“…Many secure schemes (Lv and Xu, 2012), (Glocker et al, 2017) have been designed to increase the security of RKE and PRKE systems. The main problem they present is their complexity, so they use cryptographic schemes which are hard to implement into cheap key fobs.…”

Section: Proposed Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the proposed protocols usually need more than one message to exchange some private information or instruction command. For example, some solutions (Glocker et al, 2017) require to use a 4-way handshake before sending an instruction command, which increases the complexity of the protocol.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LASER: Lightweight and Secure Remote Keyless Entry Protocol

Daza

Salleras

2019

Proceedings of the 16th International Joint Conference on E-Business and Telecommunications

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Since Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) systems started to be widely used, several vulnerabilities in their protocols have been found. Attacks such as jamming-and-replay attacks and relay attacks are still effective against most recent RKE systems (Ibrahim et al., 2018), even when many secure schemes have been designed. Although they are interesting from a theoretical point of view, the complexity of these solutions is excessive to implement them into a fob (Karani et al., 2016). This paper presents a lightweight and general solution based on a one message protocol, which guarantees the integrity and validity of the authentication in RKE systems, protecting the communication against the well-known jamming-and-replay and relay attacks, without using complex cryptographic schemes. Moreover, we also adapt our protocol for passive RKE (PRKE) systems. Our solution also includes a novel frequency-hopping-based approach which mitigates deny-of-service attacks. Finally, a prototype has been implemented using non-expensive hardware. Obtained results assure scalability, effectiveness and robustness. * This is an extended version of a paper by the authors published in Proceedings of SECRYPT 2019. 1 https://www.west-midlands.police.uk/news/watch-policerelease-footage-relay-crime

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“…As a result of RFID technology, keyless entry systems are becoming more vulnerable to several security threats [3]. It is vulnerable to a Scan Attack, Playback Attack, Two-Thief Attack, Challenge Forward Prediction Attack, and Dictionary Attack [4]. Also, On-Board-Diagnose (OBD) key programmers are another risk to Remote Keyless Entry Systems (RKES).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So, hackers will try to break the encryption and clone the RKES. Glocker et al [4] proposed the symmetric encryption algorithms as a solution to the keyless system. As a result, the use of symmetric encryption algorithms in the keyless system gives a good level of security to protect private data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Design for a Hardware Implementation of the LED Block Cipher

Mhaouch,

Elhamzi,

Abdelali

et al. 2023

JESA

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Recently, most modern cars can be controlled with the Remote Keyless System (RKS). A Remote Keyless System consists of a key fob that communicates wirelessly with the car transceiver that is used to control and secure access to the vehicle. The keyless entry systems are based on RFID communication and are equipped with limited computation and power resources. It was proven to be a target for cybercriminals. In this work, we proposed the use of the LED block cipher for data encryption-decryption of the keyless entry systems. The proposed hardware architecture of the LED algorithm was optimized to fit the limited resources of the keyless entry systems. The proposed 8-bit sequential architecture contains 627 LUTs+FFs. To further reduce hardware resources, we proposed a 4-bit architecture for the MixColumns sub-function, which gives good results in occupying hardware resources by reducing it to 597 LUTs+FFs. This leads to a good effect on the area implementation and power consumption of keyless entry systems. Thus, the proposed LED hardware architecture may be applied to lightweight applications that demand a high level of secrecy such as the key fob. In order to adopt the proposed design of the LED block cipher as a security system for keyless entry systems, we examine the security of the proposed LED architecture using five metrics; entropy analysis, histogram analysis, correlation analysis, NPCR, and UACI. As a result, the LED block cipher has a good ability to encrypt any data against any attack.

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A protocol for a secure remote keyless entry system applicable in vehicles using symmetric-key cryptography

Cited by 20 publications

References 2 publications

Programmable implementation of time-area-efficient Elliptic Curve Cryptography for entity authentication

Programmable implementation of time-area-efficient Elliptic Curve Cryptography for entity authentication

LASER: Lightweight and Secure Remote Keyless Entry Protocol

Efficient Design for a Hardware Implementation of the LED Block Cipher

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