A Prospective Study of Young Men at High Risk for Alcoholism

Schulsinger, Fini

doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1986.01800080041006

Cited by 78 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Information about the subjects was available from fi ve different periods: perinatal phase, school-age phase, age 18-20 years, age 30 years, and age 40 years. A detailed description of the subject selection and procedures used at the different phases of the study can be found elsewhere (Goodwin et al, 1994;Knop, 1985;Knop et al, 2003;Schulsinger et al, 1986).…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The subjects were drawn from a large birth cohort that has been systematically studied for over 40 years. Initial studies were focused on premorbid differences between high-risk and low-risk subjects before any had developed an alcohol problem (Knop et al, , 2003Schulsinger et al, 1986). Later studies examined the extent to which premorbid high-risk and low-risk differences predicted an alcohol-use disorder.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Do Premorbid Predictors of Alcohol Dependence Also Predict the Failure to Recover From Alcoholism?

Penick¹,

Knop²,

Nickel³

et al. 2010

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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ABSTRACT. Objective: In a search for viable endophenotypes of alcoholism, this longitudinal study attempted to identify premorbid predictors of alcohol dependence that also predicted the course of alcoholism. Method: The 202 male subjects who completed a 40-year follow-up were originally selected from a Danish birth cohort (N = 9,182). Two thirds of the subjects were high-risk biological sons of treated alcoholics. A large number of measures (361) were obtained at different periods before any subject had developed an alcohol-use disorder. At age 40, a psychiatrist provided mutually exclusive lifetime diagnoses of alcohol abuse or alcohol dependence that were characterized as currently active or currently in remission according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, Revised, course specifi ers. Results: The majority of subjects with a diagnosis of alcohol abuse were in remission at age 40 compared with those with a diagnosis of alcohol dependence (88% vs. 58%). Treatment did not predict remission. Fourteen of the 18 predictors of remission that also predicted dependence were submitted to an exploratory factor analysis (varimax). Two premorbid dimensions were identifi ed: cognitive effi ciency and early behavioral dyscontrol in childhood. Both factors predicted the failure to remit (low cognitive effi ciency and high behavioral dyscontrol) even when lifetime alcoholism severity was controlled. Conclusions: This 4-decade study found a striking disconnect between measures that predicted alcohol dependence and measures that predicted remission from alcohol dependence. I N THE LAST 60 YEARS, prospective longitudinal studies have attempted to identify the premorbid antecedents of the alcohol-use disorders, especially alcohol dependence, by examining subjects before drinking problems began and following them into adulthood (Goodwin et al., 1994;Hill et al., 2000;Knop et al., 2003;Trim et al., 2010;Vaillant, 1995Vaillant, , 2003Zucker, 2006). The number of premorbid research domains that have been investigated is quite large and range from genetic, family history, and developmental domains through personality, social, and behavioral domains, to cultural and social context domains. These longitudinal studies have produced lists of replicated risk factors that are thought to function as premorbid predictors or markers of alcoholism. Among the best established of these premorbid risk factors are family history of alcoholism; male gender; behavioral deviance of all sorts in early childhood, especially that associated with impulsivity; unstable family environment; lower social class; high "innate" tolerance to the effects of alcohol; early age at onset of problem drinking; and peer pressure.It is frequently assumed that risk factors known to increase the probability of developing an alcohol-use disorder are the same as those that interfere with or impede the recovery from alcoholic drinking. Despite the seemingly reasonable assumption that premorbid risk factors also predict the course of alc...

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Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Premorbid Predictors of Alcohol Dependence Also Predict the Failure to Recover From Alcoholism?

Penick¹,

Knop²,

Nickel³

et al. 2010

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Also included was an 85-item School Teacher Questionnaire (Knop et al, 1985) completed by the subjects' primary teacher (n = 144; high risk = 95, low risk = 49). None of the subjects in their late teens were categorized by investigators as having an alcohol-use disorder (Knop et al, 1985;Schulsinger et al, 1986). Moreover, the alcohol consumption pattern of the subjects in their late teens resembled that of the general Danish male population in 1979 of the same age (Vilstrup and Nielsen, 1979).…”

Section: Study Follow-upsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood ADHD and Conduct Disorder as Independent Predictors of Male Alcohol Dependence at Age 40

Knop

Penick

Nickel

et al. 2009

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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ABSTRACT. Objective: The Danish Longitudinal Study on Alcoholism was designed to identify antecedent predictors of adult male alcoholism. The infl uence of premorbid behaviors consistent with childhood conduct disorder (CD) and attention-defi cit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on the development of alcohol misuse was examined. Method: Subjects were selected from a Danish birth cohort (9,125), which included 223 sons of alcoholic fathers (high risk) and 106 matched sons of nonalcoholic fathers (low risk). These subjects have been studied systematically over the past 40 years. They were evaluated in their teens (n = 238), later as adults at age 30 (n = 241), and more recently at age 40 (n = 202). At 19-year/20-year follow-ups, an ADHD scale was derived from teacher ratings and a CD scale was derived from a social worker interview. At 30-year and 40-year follow-ups, a psychiatrist used structured interviews and criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, Revised, to quantify lifetime alcoholism severity and to diagnose alcohol-use disorder. Of the original subjects, 110 had complete data for the two childhood measures and the adult alcoholism outcomes. Results: In this smaller subsample, paternal risk did not predict adult alcohol dependence. Subjects who were above a median split on both the ADHD and the CD scales were more than six times more likely to develop alcohol dependence than subjects who scored below the median on both. Although the two childhood measures were correlated, a multiple regression showed that each independently predicted a measure of lifetime alcoholism severity. Conclusions: ADHD comorbid with CD was the strongest predictor of later alcohol dependence. (J. Stud. Alcohol

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“…Examples of this include: a) drug and drinking problems (Cadoret and Gath, 1978;Wallace, 1987;Claydon, 1987;Pandina and Johnson, 1990;Sher et al, 1991); b) delinquency (Beardslee, Son & Vaillant, 1986;Stewart & Wilcox, 1985;Werner, 1986); c) emotional problems (Fine, et al, 1976;Moos & Billings, 1982;Reich, Earls & Powel, 1988;Hinz, 1990;Sher et al, 1991;Jarmas & Kazak, 1992); d) low self-esteem (Hughes, 1977); e) antisocial and aggressive behavior (Fine, et al, 1976;Herjanic, et al, 1976;Rimmer, 1982); f) familial disruptions and conflicts (Schulsinger, et al, 1986;Reich, Earls & Powel, 1988;Tubman, 1991); g) problems with legal authorities (Nylander, 1960;Rydelius, 1981;Werner, 1986); h) eating disorders (Chandy et al, 1994a;Claydon, 1987;); i) physical abuse (Reich, Earls & Powell, 1988); j) school problems (Rimmer, 1982;Marcus, 1986;Schulsinger, et al, 1986;Miller and Jang, 1977;Hyphantis et al, 1991;Murphy, et al, 1991;Sher et al, 1991;Chandy et al, 1993); k) pregnancy risk (Rydelius, 1981;Miller and Jang, 1977;Currier and Aponte, 1991;Chandy et al, 1994b); and, 1) suicidal...…”

Section: Parental Alcohol Abuse and Outcomes For Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

History of sexual abuse and parental alcohol misuse: Risk, outcomes and protective factors in adolescents

Chandy

Blum

Resnick³

1996

Child Adolesc Soc Work J

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This study examined the school performance, suicidal involvement, disordered eating behaviors, pregnancy risk and chemical use of teenagers with a history of sexual abuse or parental alcohol misuse and found that they had higher rates of these adverse outcomes than among a comparison group of teenagers without such background risk factors. Adolescents with dual-risk background reported higher levels of suicide risk, disordered eating, sexual behaviors and chemical abuse than teenagers with only one background risk factor. Among index group members, protective factors against these adverse outcomes included a high degree of religiosity and the ability to discuss problems with family or friends. Risk factors that increased the likelihood of adverse outcomes included depression, perceived substance use in school and worries about family financial security.

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A Prospective Study of Young Men at High Risk for Alcoholism

Cited by 78 publications

References 34 publications

Do Premorbid Predictors of Alcohol Dependence Also Predict the Failure to Recover From Alcoholism?

Do Premorbid Predictors of Alcohol Dependence Also Predict the Failure to Recover From Alcoholism?

Childhood ADHD and Conduct Disorder as Independent Predictors of Male Alcohol Dependence at Age 40

History of sexual abuse and parental alcohol misuse: Risk, outcomes and protective factors in adolescents

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