A prospective study of risk for peptic ulcer disease in seventh-day adventists

Pathogenesis and therapy of gastric and duodenal ulcer disease

“…As recently as 1990 the burden of peptic ulcer disease in the United States was estimated at 4 million cases, with 500,000 new cases annually [1]. The lifetime prevalence of peptic ulcer ranges from approximately 11% to 20% for men, and 8% to 11% for women [2]. In Japan, the male to female ratio for peptic ulcer is about 2:1, with the rate of gastric ulcers being about 1.5 times greater than that of Med Clin N Am 86 (2002) [1447][1448][1449][1450][1451][1452][1453][1454][1455][1456][1457][1458][1459][1460][1461][1462][1463][1464][1465][1466] duodenal ulcers for either sex [3].…”

Are Genetic Influences on Peptic Ulcer Dependent or Independent of Genetic Influences for Helicobacter pylori Infection?

“…1,8 Additional potential risk factors for peptic ulcer have been documented, including age, sex, alcohol and caffeine consumption, stress, and diet. 1,[8][9][10][11][12] However, the results concerning environmental risk factors for peptic ulcer are not conclusive.…”

“…Multiple risk factors identified for peptic ulcer include family history, age, sex, race, social class, blood group, smoking, alcohol and coffee consumption, use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, stress, season of the year, and H pylori infection. [8][9][10][11][12][13] None of these factors can be considered universal of essential characteristics of duodenal ulcer disease with the exception of H pylori-induced gastritis. Risk factors that are not shared by family members, such as use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, may represent examples of the individual-specific source of variance in liability to ulcer found in the present results.…”

Prevalence of Peptic Ulcer in Dyspeptic Patients and the Influence of Age, Sex, and Helicobacter pylori Infection

“…In various countries, its prevalence is estimated as 5-10% of the adult population [1][2][3]. Despite reports indicating a decrease in the incidence of peptic ulcer, especially in countries that are highly developed economically, this disease still remains one of the most important problems, in the practice of both primary health care physicians and gastroenterologists [1,[4][5][6].…”