A Promising Food Waste for Food Fortification: Characterization of Dried Tomato Pomace and Its Cold Pressed Oil

Abstract

In this study, some physicochemical properties of tomato pomace (skins and seeds), which are waste of tomato plants and contain many active food components, were determined. For this purpose, tomato pomace was supplied by a plant in Manisa, Turkey. Firstly, tomato pomaces were dried at 30°C for 12h and then, ground into powder. Physicochemical properties of tomato pomace powder were investigated to determine its suitability as a fortification agent. Ash, protein, fat, carbohydrate, dietary fibre contents of dried tomato pomace were 3.55 g/100g, 32.69 g/100g, 15.43 g/100g, 43.31g/100g, and 29.42 g/100g, respectively. Additionally, tomato pomace contained substantial amounts of polyphenolics, flavonoids, and carotenoids. The high CIE a* and b* values indicated the presence of various pigments. Cold-pressed oil of dried tomato pomace was mainly composed of linoleic acid, followed by oleic, and palmitic acids. It is concluded that tomato pomace and oil obtained from dried pomace are promising and valuable ingredients for food fortification due to their unique nutritional properties.

Sustainable Valorization of Tomato By-Products to Obtain Bioactive Compounds: Their Potential in Inflammation and Cancer Management

“…The peel is a source of other amino acids (valine, lysine, and leucine) and trace elements (Mg, Na, K, and Ca). Additionally, tomato pomace has shown to be a source of Manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), naringenin and chlorogenic acid [ 8 , 39 ]. Tomato pomace can also be a good source of dietary fiber (DF), and several studies suggest that tomato seeds and peel have higher contents of polyphenolic compounds [ 37 , 40 , 41 ].…”

Valuable Natural Antioxidant Products Recovered from Tomatoes by Green Extraction

“…Higher phenolic contents were obtained with the SFE method against the SE method, regardless of the type of sample. Phenolic compounds are polar compounds concentrated in hydrophilic fractions [24] and bioethanol is more polar than ethyl acetate [26]; thus, bioethanol extracts (TS-1-SE and TP-1-SE) are more abundant in phenolic compounds. This behavior was observed also in Abassi et al's [4] study, who reported the highest phenolic content from peels and seeds using ethanol against ethyl acetate as extraction solvents in the SE method.…”

“…The amount of this waste is large and has a negative impact on the environment due to its handling and disposal issues [22,23]. Despite this, it contains a cocktail of antioxidant compounds, such as carotenoids, polyphenols and minerals, and 20-40% high-quality oil rich in amino acids, protein, fatty acids and vitamins [24,25]. Currently, this by-product, industrial or domestic, is either disposed of, used in agriculture [1] or used as an additive in animal food formulations.…”

The valorization of the functional potential of tomato processed waste

“…The result is in comparison with the finding of [23], who reported that total carotenoid contents of dried tomato pomaces range from 30.54 to 50.54 mg/100g (d.w.). The difference may result from different extraction rates of carotenoids by various solvent mixtures, the application of different total carotenoid determination methods, expression of results in terms of different standard compounds, and chemical compositions of tomato pomaces influenced by seed/peel ratio, and their chemical properties [24].…”