A Promise of Realizable, Ultra-Scalable Communications at Nano-Scale:A Multi-Modal Nano-Machine Architecture

Abstract

Wireless networks of nano-nodes will play a critical role in future medical, quality control, environmental monitoring and military applications. Nano-nodes are invisible/marginally visible to the human eye, ranging in size from approximately 100 mm to few nanometers. Nano-networking poses unique challenges, requiring ground-breaking solutions. First, the nano-scale imposes severe restrictions to the computational and communication capabilities of the nodes. Second, nano-nodes are not accessible for programming, configuration and debugging in the classical sense. Thus, a nano-network should be self-configuring, resilient and adaptive to environmental changes. Finally, all nano-networking protocols should be ultra-scalable, since a typical nano-network may comprise billions of nodes. The study contributes a novel paradigm for data dissemination in networking nano-machines, addressing these unique challenges. Relying on innovative analytical results on lattice algebra and nature-inspired processes, a novel data dissemination method is proposed. The nano-nodes exploit their environmental feedback and mature adaptively into network backbone or remain single network users. Such a process can be implemented as an ultra-scalable, low complexity, multi-modal nano-node architecture (physical layer), providing efficient networking and application services at the same time. Requiring existing manufacturing technology, the proposed architecture constitutes the first candidate solution for realizable nano-networking.Index Terms-Wireless networking, nanoscale C. Liaskos is with the Telecommunications and

A novel protocol for network-controlled metasurfaces

“…Finally, the Hyper-CP protocol is shown to operate equally well with ideal and estimated knowledge of the nodes' status. Queue size estimations may have a negligible effect in the routing decision of relation (9). Assuming that the estimation error is constant (on average) for all nodes, the decision of relation (9) is not significantly affected by it.…”

“…Queue size estimations may have a negligible effect in the routing decision of relation (9). Assuming that the estimation error is constant (on average) for all nodes, the decision of relation (9) is not significantly affected by it. Additionally, we note that the grid topology also works in favor of the estimations.…”

“…Subsequent work focused on application setups were packet flooding constitutes a good match. Liaskos et al proposed a nature-inspired self-organizing nanonetwork architecture [9]. Tsioliaridou et al worked towards minimal complexity schemes, expressed by the assumptions of nano-CPUs supporting only basic integer arithmetic, and few bytes of memory [18].…”

A Comprehensive Survey on Hybrid Communication in Context of Molecular Communication and Terahertz Communication for Body-Centric Nanonetworks

“…However, the proposed scheme is based on fixed topology neglecting the mobility and dynamic of nano-nodes. A flood-based data dissemination scheme is introduced in [196]. This scheme classifies each node as infrastructure or network user after processing the reception quality.…”

Computing and Communications for the Software-Defined Metamaterial Paradigm: A Context Analysis

“…As in NoCs, nodes can be unambiguously and statically identified with an internal id, leading to a major simplification of routing protocols [50] and a simplification or even complete elimination of addressing in particular case scenarios [51]. Finally, the authors propose the use of role-centric networking techniques, this is, defining custom roles in substitution of the conventional layered approach [52]. Preliminary evaluations were made for the data dissemination case (from interface to controllers), achieving a similar performance and an energy efficiency three times higher than with a generic protocol stack.…”