“…Actuators exhibit complex deformation and movement under the external stimulations, such as light, , magnetic, − pH, electricity, ,− etc., which has attracted wide attention in recent years. Inspired by creatures in nature, researchers have produced various bionic actuators with the capability of crawling, rolling, jumping and other forms of movement, realizing object transportation, ,, environmental protection, , and other functions. − However, the development of traditional actuators in biomedicine and marine fields is limited due to the lack of biocompatibility and the complexity of underwater driving.…”